Integrated Science. Waves All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are constantly vibrating. Vibrations travel as a wave. A wave extends from one place to.

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Presentation transcript:

Integrated Science

Waves All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are constantly vibrating. Vibrations travel as a wave. A wave extends from one place to another.

Review of Matter There are 4 states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Waves cause vibration of the atoms in theses states of matter. The 3 most common states of matter, solid, liquid, and gas, act as a MEDIUM that waves can travel through.

Wave Vocabulary Terms CRESTS =High points on wave TROUGHS =low points on waves CREST TROUGH DRAW!

Wave Vocabulary Terms The distance from one end of a wave to the other end of the same wave is called the WAVELENGTH. The distance from the midpoint (dotted line) of a wave to the crest or trough of a wave is called the AMPLITUDE. Amplitude Wavelength DRAW!

Wave Frequency FREQUENCY =The number of times a vibration occurs in ONE SECOND. High frequency waves have short wavelengths. Low frequency waves have long wavelengths.

Wave Frequency Frequency is calculated as Waves/Second. Units of (Wave/Second)= Hertz=Hz. DRAW!

Wave Periods PERIOD=time it takes a wave to complete one full vibration. Can be measured over any period of time, often in seconds.

Medium Substance that transports the wave from its source to another location. Examples: solid, liquid, gas.

Wave Criteria 1. Energy input. 2. Energy is transferred from one location to another. 3. No net displacement of the medium. 4. Medium can restore itself. The medium transporting the wave returns to its original condition after the energy has moved through it.

Wave Motion The movement of energy through a medium (solid, liquid, gas). The medium transporting the wave returns to its original condition after the energy has moved through it.

Review Wave Characteristics crest—highest point trough—lowest point wavelength amplitude frequency period

Wave Speed Describes how fast an energy disturbance moves through a medium. The speed of a wave is related to its frequency and wavelength. Equation for wave speed: Wave speed = frequency  wavelength v = 

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a wave is its A.frequency. B. period. C. wavelength. D. amplitude. Wave Motion CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a wave is its A.frequency. B. period. C. wavelength. D. amplitude. Explanation: The wavelength of a transverse wave is also the distance trough to trough, or between any adjacent identical parts of the waveform. Wave Motion CHECK YOUR ANSWER

Types of Waves Two different types of waves classified by the direction in which the medium vibrates compared to the direction of energy travel.

Transverse Wave Vibrations at right angles to direction of wave travel. Examples: Light, Radio, Ocean Waves. Wave Travel DRAW!

Compressional/Longitudinal Wave Vibrations are along (or parallel to) the direction of wave travel. Wave Travel Examples: Sound Waves DRAW!

Compressional/Longitudinal Wave Compression-Particles of medium are closer together than normal—COMPRESSED! Rarefaction-Particles of medium are spaced apart more than normal— Expanded!

Compressional/Longitudinal Wave IN A SLINKY!

The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction A.along the wave. B. perpendicular to the wave. C. both of the above. D. neither of the above. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves CHECK YOUR NEIGHBOR

The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction A.along the wave. B. perpendicular to the wave. C. both of the above. D. neither of the above. Comment: The vibrations in a longitudinal wave, in contrast, are along (or parallel to) the direction of wave travel. Transverse and Longitudinal Waves CHECK YOUR ANSWER

Class of Waves We Are Studying Sound Waves Light Waves The movement of vibrations through a material medium – a solid, a liquid, or a gas. A vibration of non- material electric and magnetic fields – a vibration of pure energy. NO MEDIUM NEEDED.