Workforce Needs In The Renewable Energy Industry Rich Ferguson, PhD Research Director, CEERT February 5, 2011 Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 1

WORKFORCE NEEDS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERPLANTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Center for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Technologies Research by Rhonda S. Mills, Alexandra Kravetz and Ryan Drobek November 4, 2010

Southern California Survey Focus The region is an excellent illustration of economic development coming from the clean energy sector. SoCal has the best combination of renewable “fuels” in North America. Next to large populations with huge electricity demands. Best in Class: The world’s most-experienced and innovative renewable energy companies are proposing to build dozens of clean powerplants in Southern California. Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 3

Second-best wind resource in the state. Vast amounts untapped. 4,000+ MW in pipeline. Tehachapi Wind 4

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Only the Sahara Desert and Chilean Andes have better solar fuel. 8,000+ MW pending permit applications Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego and SLO Counties. Mohave Solar 5

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Geothermal is 24/7 Baseload Power. It replaces Coal. Imperial County has 2,000 MW potential to tap. Mammoth Lakes and the Geysers rich in reservoirs. Several projects in development. Salton Sea and Mammoth Lakes Geothermal 6

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Key Renewable Projects and the CEERT Survey Region 7

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies CEERT SURVEYED 14 CLEAN ENERGY DEVELOPERS IN SOCAL WE ASKED: 1.What Kind of Workforce is Needed to Build Your Project? 2.How Many People are Needed? 3.How Long Will It Take to Build the Project? 4.What Type of Workforce is Needed to Operate the Plant After It Is Built? 5.How Long Will the Powerplant Operate? Photo: Ashhurst Engineering & Construction Co. Photo: EngineerLive.com 8

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies WHAT WE LEARNED ABOUT 14 CLEAN POWER PROJECTS: The clean energy build-out requires a large workforce. Thousands of workers are needed at the 14 sites in Southern California between to build the powerplants. Hundreds of Operations and Maintenance jobs are needed for the next years. Skilled and general laborers, project managers, equipment operators, engineers and office personnel will run the plants. 9

GEOTHERMAL & WIND CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE NEEDS Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies DEVELOPERTECHNOLOGY PROJECT NAMEMW SIZE AVG # JOBS EMPLOYMENT LENGTH FTEs PER MONTH GEOTHERMAL CALENERGYGeothermalBlack Rock YEARS RAM POWERGeothermalOrita YEARS WIND ENXCOWindPacific Wind YEARS HORIZON WINDWindHomestead YEAR TERRAGENWindAlta Wind 1 Mohave YEARS TOTAL 1,281 MW 1,140 JOBS/MONTH COMBINED 1-3 YEARS The survey is a sample, not a census, of all the projects being developed. Prepared by Center for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Technologies 10

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Monthly Construction Jobs Estimates 2 Geothermal Projects: 211 MW Length of Construction: 3 – 4 Years 413 JOBS Monthly Average 829 JOBS Monthly Peak 93 JOBS 93 JOBS Operations & Maintenance (30 Year Lifecycle) 11

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Eagle Rock Timber, Inc. 12

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Monthly Construction Jobs Estimates 3 Wind Projects: 1,070 MW Length of Construction: 1 – 3 Years 727 JOBS Monthly Average 975 JOBS Monthly Peak 84 JOBS 84 JOBS Operations & Maintenance (25 Year Lifecycle) 13

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies SOURCE: “The Economic Impacts of the Proposed Pacific Wind Project Kern County, CA, October 21, 2010” 14

Power Tower Stirling Engine Photovoltaic Parabolic Trough Over 7,700 MW of Solar Projects Prioritized in Southern California Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 15

LARGE-SCALE SOLAR CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE NEEDS Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies DEVELOPERTECHNOLOGY PROJECT NAMEMW SIZE AVG # JOBS EMPLOYMENT LENGTH FTEs PER MONTH ABENGOAParabolic TroughMojave Solar 1 Project Years SOLAR MILLENNIUM Parabolic TroughBlythe Solar Power Plant1,000604~6 Years SOLAR MILLENNIUM Parabolic TroughPalen Solar Power Plant Years SOLAR MILLENNIUM Parabolic TroughRidgecrest Solar Power Plant years NEXTERAParabolic TroughBeacon Solar Energy Project years NEXTERAParabolic TroughGenesis Solar Energy Project Years TESSERAStirling EngineImperial Valley Solar years PERMACITYPhotovoltaics Five 5 MW Systems year SUNPOWERPhotovoltaicsCalifornia Valley Solar Ranch250353~3 Years TOTAL 3,484 MW 4,632 JOBS/MONTH~3 YEARS The survey is a sample, not a census, of all the projects being developed. Prepared by Center for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Technologies 16

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Source: CEERT Renewable Powerplants Jobs Survey, ,773 JOBS Monthly Average 6,841 JOBS Monthly Peak 771 JOBS 771 JOBS Operations & Maintenance (25 Year Lifecycle) 17

CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE ESTIMATES 1,000 MW PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANT Construction Period: ~6 Years Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Job Description AVERAGE Monthly Workforce (FTEs) PEAK Monthly Workforce (FTEs) Administrators and Support Personnel1114 Carpenters5790 Cement Masons and Concrete Crews5995 Construction Management, Supervisors, Planners23 Electricians5881 Engineers78 Ironworkers2450 Laborers, Assembly Workers, Misc. Crews Millwrights1418 Operators57152 Pipefitters, Boilermakers, Plumbers Project Foremen, Managers and Assistants23 Surveyors and Designers820 Teamsters, Truck Drivers1843 Other Skilled Tradesmen1266 Welders11 Others (Oilers, Security, Sprinklerfitters, Tech Advisors)510 TOTAL Source: SolarMillennium, CEERT Renewable Powerplants Jobs Survey,

Job Description Annual Workforce Salary (Average) General: Office Personnel, Administration, Managers 10$ 126,500 Engineering: Controls, Electrical, Mechanical, Plant and Resource Engineers, Project Analyst, Chemical Technician, Engineering Technician, Operations Supervisors 6 $ 117,500 Maintenance: Mechanical Technicians, Electricians, Equipment Operators, Welders, Machinists, Planners, Equipment Washing Technicians, Auto Mechanics 25 $ 87,800 Operations: Shift Supervisor, Control Operator, Plant Operator, etc. 22 $ 91,100 Unskilled Labor5$ 25,000 TOTAL68$ 92,600 Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE JOBS EARNINGS 250 MW SOLAR THERMAL POWERPLANT Source: CEERT Renewable Powerplants Jobs Survey, 2010, Abengoa 19

Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Job Description Average AVERAGE Monthly Workforce (FTEs) PEAK Monthly Workforce (FTEs) Administrators24 Carpenters1215 Cement Masons1020 Construction Staff36 Electricians2550 Engineers22 Laborers1020 Operating Engineers715 Operators510 Project and Construction Managers710 Solar Field Craft : Incl’s Apprentices, Assistants and Helpers Surveyors48 Teamsters2030 Welders1530 TOTAL Source: CEERT Renewable Powerplants Jobs Survey, 2010, SunPower CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE NEEDS 250 MW PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM Construction Period Length: ~3 Years 20

Imperial31.30% Kern14.40% Los Angeles12.50% Riverside15.30% San Bernardino14.80% San Luis Obispo9.70% Source: July 2010 Statistics CA EDD, Labor Market Information Division UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGH IN CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT COUNTIES Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 21

IMPERIAL KERN LOS ANGELES RIVERSIDE SAN BERNARDINO SAN LUIS OBISPO Construction/Utility Jobs Gains From 14 Projects In CEERT Survey Years 773 Jobs Years 2014 Jobs 3.5 Years 212 Jobs Years 2,528 Jobs 0.5 Year 200 Jobs Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies Utility, Transportation Job Losses change: -3.9% Jobs lost: change: -0.2% Jobs lost: change: -1% Jobs lost: 7, change: -1.2% Jobs lost: 3, change: -2.7% Jobs lost: 500 Construction Job Losses Change: -14.3% Jobs lost: change: -12.6% Jobs lost: 1, change: -11.7% Jobs lost: 13, change: -14.7% Jobs lost: 10, change: -13.7% Jobs lost: 700 Source: July 2010 Statistics CA EDD, Labor Market Information Division COUNTY SNAPSHOTS July 2009-July Stirling 2 Geo 962 MW 3 Wind 2 Solar 1970 MW 5 Solar 30 MW 4 Solar 2000 MW 1 Solar 250 MW 22

CLEAN ENERGY JOBS ECONOMIC BENEFITS INBOUND INVESTMENTS Typical Powerplant $250M - $1.5B SKILLED & NON-SKILLED LABOR Carpentry-Ironwork Operators-Electrical Cement-Millwright SITE LABOR 100s-1000s Employed Per Month to Build Construction Length Typically Years OPERATIONS Years TAXES & FEES Local, State, Federal Sales, Property, Tx-CUP Fees Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 23

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For further information about the CEERT renewable energy workforce survey please contact: Rhonda Mills Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies 26