Water Supply Advantage of water as extinguishing agent w Water Abundance w Excellent heat absorption qualities w Easily moved long distances w Easily stored

Sources of Water Lakes Rivers Wells

Components of a Community Water System w Source:Lakes, Rivers, Wells, Springs w Means of Movement: Direct Pumping, Gravity, Combination w Processing & Treatment: J.A.W.A. w Storage: Elevated, ground level, w Distribution:Primary 16” or larger Secondary 12” Distributors 6 - 8” Dead end mains

Hydrants & Valves Valves w Outside Stem & Yoke O.S.Y. w Post Indicating Valve P. I. V. OPEN - SHUT w Valve spacing 600’ - 800’ apart Hydrants w Wet - Dry Barrel w 1500 g.p.m. light blue w g.p.m. Green w g.p.m. Orange w Less 500 g.p.m. Red w Spacing 300’ apart min. 6” distributors w Inspection & Maintenance

Types of Pressures w StaticWater not moving, stored potential energy w ResidualRemaining Pressure after friction loss and elevation have been absorbed. w Normal Normal daily fluctuations within the water system Operating w Flow PressurePressure exerted by forward velocity of water stream

Hydrant Inspection & Maintenance w Obstruction:Landscape, fence, dumpsters, Parking w DamageThreads Barrel Yoke w OperationFlushing Flow Testing Pitot Tube

Hydrant Operations Forward Lay Hydrant to Scene w FF Steps off Apparatus w Removes Necessary Appliances 4 1/2 - 5 Storz or gate Valve /2 Hydrant Gates Hydrant Wrench 2 1/2 Siamese 2 short 3” hose lines (Suctions) Hose Clamp w Remove Hose from apparatus and rap Hydrant w Signal Apparatus to move forward Reverse Lay Scene to Hydrant w Remove all equipment from Apparatus w Remove desired Hose w Advance Engine to Hydrant

Rural Water Relay Operations w Accessibility to source w Adequate Water Supplies w Quick Fill Time w Quick Dump Time w Tandem, Relay pumping ( 5” hose ) w Tanker Shuttle

Drafting Equipment w Pump w Portable Tank w Hard Suctionlight weight not to be used on hydrants w Strainer w Rubber mallet w Rope Hose tool w Jet siphon

Fire Hose Hand Lines 1 3/4 - small to medium fires 2 1/2 - Large fires Supply 3 inch - master streams, wyes 5 inch - engine supply lines NFPA 1961: Fire Hose NFPA 1901: Standard for Fire Hose Connections Liberytville Fire Dept. Fire Hose supplied 1 3/4” 500 feet plus - 50’ sec 2 1/2” 200 feet 3”750 feet 5” 1000 feet - 100’sec.

Hose Components w National Standard threads w Storz on 5” hose w Male coupling - Discharge w Female - Intake w Rocker Lugs - (Spanner Wrench) w Pin Lug - old style w Higbee cut - indicators on Couplings w Swivel Gasket w Spanner Wrench

Hose Maintenance and Testing Inspection Mechanical Damage: Jacket Couplings Thermal Damage: Exposure to fire of debris Organic Damage: Mildew Mold Rubber liner Age Chemical Damage: Testing & Cleaning Once a Year psi - 5 min Plastic Hose Soap - Water - Brush RE - BED HOSE Cloth Hose Washing Machine & Soap Dryer or Tower

Hose Loads w Straight Roll w Donut roll w Twin Donut Roll w Flat Load w Accordion Load w Reverse Horse Shoe w Triple Layer Load w Preconnect

Hose Line Advancement w Pull selected line w Advance selected line to the determination w Allow for obstructions w Unfold kinked hose line w FF should allow spacing between themselve

EXTINGUISHING PROPERTIES O F WATER w Characteristics of Water Boiling point 212 degrees F. Freezing point 32 degrees f Density gals./cubic foot pounds/cubic foot lbs./gal. 4. Specific gravity of 1

Fire Streams w Direct application of water on burning material w Reduction of high atmospheric temperatures w Protection of firefighters and property by heat absorption w Dispersing smoke & gases

TYPES OF STREAMS w FOG STREAM - NARROW Degrees Wide Degrees w STRAIGHT STREAM w BROKEN STREAM

SOLID STREAMS Advantages w Less Nozzle Reaction w Better Visibility w Greater reach w Better stream penetration w Solid Stream less likely to disturb thermal layering Disadvantages w No stream options w Provides less heat absorption w Not applicable for foam operations

FOG NOZZLE Advantages w Multiple Water Patterns w Finer water drops, increase heat absorption capabilities Disadvantages w Increased nozzle reaction w Disruption in thermal layering w Less penetrating capabilities w Less reach

Extinguishing Properties w Cooling - Removes heat from the fire. The finer the particles (greater surface area) of water the more readily the heat is absorbed. w Smothering - water - steam conversion (Steam burns if ventilation is not aggressive) May exclude oxygen

FRICTION LOSS Gallons per Minute G.P.M. determines friction loss Pounds/sq. in. P.s.i. Pressure Factors G.P.M. length of hose hose size Elevation Appliances

WATER HAMMER

NOZZLES w Nozzle Sizes:1 1/2, 2 1/2,Master Streams w Tip Sizes:15/ inches w Volume:Low less 40 g.p.m. Hand line g.p.m. Master Stream over 350 g.p.m. w Types:fog, straight stream, cellar, electrical, leader tip, penetrating, Low pressure w Pressures:Hand line Fog 100 p.s.i. Fog 70 p.s.i. Straight tip 50 p.s.i. Master Stream fog 100 p.s.i. Straight stream 50 p.s.i.

Types of Valves w Ball Valves w Gate Valves w Butter Fly w Clapper Valve

Appliances w WyeRope Hose Tool w SiameseHose Roller w Hydrant ValvesHose Clamps w Water thiefHydrant Wrench w Water CurtainSpanner Wrench w Manifold w 2 1/ /2 reducer w 2 1/2 Double Female w 2 1/2 Double Male w 1 1/2 Double Female