Indian Resistance. 1)What was Charles Eastman’s position at the reservation? 2)Why did Captain Sword fear « trouble » on the reservation?

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Presentation transcript:

Indian Resistance

1)What was Charles Eastman’s position at the reservation? 2)Why did Captain Sword fear « trouble » on the reservation?

Red Cloud ( ) Portrait by D.F. Barry, National Museum of the American Indian. Crazy Horse (c )

Spotted Tail ( ) Photo by D.F. Barry, c Library of Congress.

Second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)

Black Hills gold rush 1874: – army accompanies geologists to confirm gold 1875: – Lakota refuse to sell land to US government – Army stops guarding the territory – Army orders Indians to relocate near agencies 1876: – 10,000-15,000 natives gather to defend the hills

Battle of the Little Big Horn Sitting Bull = ‘Custer’s Last Stand’ (June 1876)

1877 cession of the Black Hills Red Cloud Agency (Oglala Lakota) Spotted Tail Agency (Brulé Lakota)

Alternating policies Civilization Removal Reservations Allotment – > The Dawes Act (1887)

The Dawes Act (1887) Reservation land allotted to individual families Unclaimed land sold to non-Indians – > from 155 million acres of reservation land in 1881 to 52 million acres in 1933 Example of the Crows: 3,000 members x 200 acres = 600,000 acres / 5 million total (12% of total land)

Indian Territory -> Oklahoma : 150,000 new settlers claim ‘unassigned’ tribal lands : Five Civilized Tribes allot their tribal lands 1907: Indian Territory becomes the State of Oklahoma

Breaking up the Sioux Reservation ( ) Land commission meeting at Standing Rock (ndstudies.org)

Ghost Dance Wovoka (Paiute) Dancers at Pine Ridge Reservation c KICKING BEAR

Wounded Knee Massacre Dec. 29, 1890 Battlefield photographed by George Trager