How to Persuade SWBAT define and practice the 3 rhetorical appeals and additional persuasive strategies in their C. Notes.

What is rhetoric? -The study of effective speaking and writing -The art of persuasion -Ex) rhetorical question –a question to which no answer is expected…used to make a point

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, summed up 3 tactics to persuade… Ethos, Logos, Pathos

ETHOS Appeals to values and ethics (Right and wrong) Language appropriate to audience and subject Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation Asks questions of right and wrong Asks questions of right and wrong Presents author or speaker as being reliable and respectful of audience Presents author or speaker as being reliable and respectful of audience Asks audience to make a value judgment Asks audience to make a value judgment OFTEN USED IN LAW

LOGOS Appeals to logic (The Mind) Uses definitions, analogies, factual data, statistics, and quotations Uses definitions, analogies, factual data, statistics, and quotations Structure and layout Structure and layout Repetition of words, phrases, or ideas Repetition of words, phrases, or ideas Uses citations from experts and authorities Uses citations from experts and authorities Denotative meanings/reasons Denotative meanings/reasons Causes a cognitive, rational response Causes a cognitive, rational response FAVORED IN ACADEMIC SETTING

PATHOS Appeals to emotions Vivid, concrete language Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Emotionally loaded language Emotional, personal examples Emotional, personal examples Figurative language Figurative language Evokes an emotional response Evokes an emotional response MOST POWERFUL APPEAL

Identify the appeals used in the following examples. ETHOSLOGOSPATHOS

Based on Ms. Kitt, an English teacher at Pacifica High School, Kristy has always received A’s and high honors. Based on Ms. Kitt, an English teacher at Pacifica High School, Kristy has always received A’s and high honors. Kristy has dedicated many hours to various clubs, Girl Scouts, and church. She deserves some reward. Kristy has dedicated many hours to various clubs, Girl Scouts, and church. She deserves some reward. “Studies show that teens whose parents trust them have higher self esteem.” “Studies show that teens whose parents trust them have higher self esteem.”

4 out of 10 drivers prefer 4 out of 10 drivers prefer a car with more MPG. She has always dreamt of owning her own car. She has saved up over the years and has sacrificed so much. She has always dreamt of owning her own car. She has saved up over the years and has sacrificed so much. The Automotive Society has stated that gas guzzlers eats up much gasoline. The Automotive Society has stated that gas guzzlers eats up much gasoline.

According to a recent study at UCLA, chores can substitute as exercise –as long as the heart rate is kept at a continuous rate. According to a recent study at UCLA, chores can substitute as exercise –as long as the heart rate is kept at a continuous rate. 90% of homeowners who testify that they clean their house at least once a week found that they suffered less allergies. 90% of homeowners who testify that they clean their house at least once a week found that they suffered less allergies. Gina, an elderly woman in Georgia, did not clean her house for over 10 years. After her passing, they found 8 dead cats in her kitchen and bedroom underneath furniture and other messes. Her children mourned and blamed the hoarding tendencies for her loss. Gina, an elderly woman in Georgia, did not clean her house for over 10 years. After her passing, they found 8 dead cats in her kitchen and bedroom underneath furniture and other messes. Her children mourned and blamed the hoarding tendencies for her loss.

I know…you’re thinking, “WOW. I am now prepared to persuade Ms. Tran to give me an A+.” BUT Ms. Tran is smarter than the average bear. She will need MORE persuading… ONTO MORE PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES!

More Techniques an author uses to persuade Glittering generalities Glittering generalities Bandwagon Bandwagon Testimonials Testimonials Citing statistics (logos) Citing statistics (logos) Emotional or loaded words Emotional or loaded words Name calling Name calling Plain folk Plain folk Snob appeal Snob appeal Faulty cause Faulty cause

Glittering Generalities Words and phrases imply or suggest something- without making guarantees or promises. It sounds good but really says nothing. Listeners don’t challenge the real point because they are impressed by the lofty terms. Examples: Activist Help Freedom Commitment Humane Hard work Common sense Incentive Family Compete Initiative Pioneer Confident Legacy Duty Conflict Liberty Peace Control Moral Dream Courage Movement Passionate Crusade Opportunity Debate

Bandwagon Makes the audience feel left out. Makes the audience feel left out. Encourages them to join in like everyone else. Encourages them to join in like everyone else. Everybody else is picking up trash. Everybody else is picking up trash. Millions of people agree; it really works! – Millions of people agree; it really works! – Obama will be the voice of the people. Obama will be the voice of the people.

Testimonials A celebrity endorses a product. A celebrity endorses a product. A person can verify what’s being persuaded. A person can verify what’s being persuaded. The audience believes “I can be just like him/her!” The audience believes “I can be just like him/her!” “If it’s good enough for [the Beibs], it’s good enough for me!” “If it’s good enough for [the Beibs], it’s good enough for me!”

Citing Statistics Uses numbers to prove their opinion is better. Uses numbers to prove their opinion is better. The numbers distract from the details The numbers distract from the details 80% of students are passing their classes. 80% of students are passing their classes. Research shows the air in many homes is 4 times more polluted. Research shows the air in many homes is 4 times more polluted.

Emotional/Loaded Words Positive words make a person feel good- motivated-inspired-etc. Positive words make a person feel good- motivated-inspired-etc. Ex) The President is our beacon of hope; he will ease the ache of our economy. Negative words make you feel bad- this plays on your heart. Negative words make you feel bad- this plays on your heart. Ex) The rights of the people are stripped away.

Name Calling Calls for negative attention Calls for negative attention Slamming the competition Slamming the competition Selected words give a negative impression of the product, person, or group of people. Selected words give a negative impression of the product, person, or group of people. Ex) California liberals –those tree huggers– protest at the city hall.

Plain Folk Relates to the common person. Relates to the common person. Makes it seem like anyone can do it. Makes it seem like anyone can do it. Ex.) It’s so easy to use, even a caveman can do it.

Snob Appeal Tries to make people feel like they are better than others (status-wise) Tries to make people feel like they are better than others (status-wise) Ex.) The state is taking away your hard-earned money and giving it to lazy folks. Ex.) You deserve to stand out from the rest; you have put in the hours of work. Buy a Rolex.

Faulty Cause Promise of something it can’t deliver. Promise of something it can’t deliver. All talk –no walk. All talk –no walk. Sounds good, tricks the audience. Sounds good, tricks the audience. Ex.) This product eliminate fine lines and wrinkles. It will reinvigorate your skin in less than six weeks!

Ticket out the Door: Use ethos, logos, and pathos as well as at least TWO persuasive strategies to persuade your peer to study and do their work in order to pass the class. Hint) Underline and identify in your paragraph. What’s the importance of school? What recognition can a person get if they do well in school? Etc.