To Accompany Comprehensive, Alternate, and Texas Editions American Government: Roots and Reform, 10th edition Karen O’Connor and Larry J. Sabato  Pearson Education, 2009  Chapter 8 The Presidency

Roots of the PresidencyPresidency  No chief executive under Articles of Confederation.  Natural-born citizen, 35 years old.  Two four-year terms, per Twenty-Second Amendment.  Little attention to vice president.  Can be impeached by Congress.  Order of succession in Twenty-Fifth Amendment.succession

Constitutional Powers  More limited than Article I powers of Congress.  Appointments to executive, Cabinet, and judiciary.Appointments  Convene Congress.  Make treaties or executive agreements.Make treaties or executive agreements  Veto legislation; no line-item veto.Veto legislation  Act as commander in chief of armed forces.  Pardon individuals accused of crimes.

Roles of the President  Chief law enforcer.  Leader of the party.  Commander in chief.  Shaper of domestic policy.  Player in legislative process.  Chief of state.

Establishing Presidential PowerPresidential Power  George Washington sets precedent.  Claimed inherent powers for national government.  John Adams and Thomas Jefferson follow lead.  Andrew Jackson asserts power through veto.  Abraham Lincoln uses Civil War to expand office.  Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal ushers in new era.

Presidential Establishment  Growing power of the vice president.  Cabinet advisors to deal with a variety of issues.Cabinet  First ladies act as informal advisors.  Executive Office of the President.  White House staff directly responsible to president.

Presidential Leadership  Leadership ability and personality can be key.personality  “Power to persuade.”  Bully pulpit and going public.  Approval ratings can help or hinder.Approval ratings

President as Policy Maker  FDR is first president to send policy to Congress.  Very difficult to get presidential policies passed.  Ability to get desired budget passed helps.  Office of Management and Budget plays key role.  Use of executive order to avoid Congress.

AV- Presidential Approval  Back

Table 8.1- U.S. Presidents  Back

Table 8.2- Presidential Succession  Back

Table 8.3- Women on Presidential Teams  Back

Table 8.4- Treaties  Back

Table 8.5- Presidential Vetoes  Back

Table 8.6- Best and Worst Presidents  Back

Table 8.7- U.S. Cabinet  Back

Table 8.8- Presidential Personalities  Back