Runway Incursion’s Affect on FAA Approved Pilot Training and Pilot and Flight Instructor Certification and Part 121 Pilot Checking – Andy Edwards – Manager – FAA’s San Francisco International Field Office

Runway Incursion affected 5 Areas Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) Applicant Certification Private Pilot Applicant Certification Commercial Pilot Applicant Certification Aviation Safety Inspector CFI surveillance Part 121 Pilot Proficiency Checks

FAA Policy The FAA strongly recommends the following to promote runway safety: – 1. Training in runway safety and the specific Standard Operating Procedures contain in AC’s and be incorporated in ground training and flight training conducted by air carriers and by all persons conducting training and evaluation under Parts 61 and 91. – 2. Standard Operating Procedures be implement and carefully followed during taxi operations.

FAA –H

Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Revised 2003 with new Runway Avoidance Information Provides basic knowledge that is essential for all pilots.

Pilot’s Handbook Info Proper planning can prevent runway incursion. Pilot should be aware of the airplane’s position on the surface at all times.

Pilot’s Handbook Info PRACTICES TO HELP PREVENT RUNWAY INCURSION – Read back all runway crossing and or hold instruction – Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and before descending to land. – Review NOTAM for information on runway/taxiway closures and construction areas. – Request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route – Check for traffice before crossing any Runway Hold Line and before entering a taxiway

Pilot’s Handbook Info – Continue: When landing, clear the active runway as soon as possible,, then wait for taxi instructions before futher movement Study and use proper phraseology in order to understand and respond to ground control instructions. Write down complex taxi instructions at unfamiliar airports

Flight Instructor PTS

Special Emphasis Areas The examiner shall place special emphasis on the applicant's demonstrated ability to teach precise aircraft control and sound judgment in aeronautical decision making. Evaluation of the applicant's ability to teach judgment shall be accomplished by asking the applicant to describe the presentation of practical problems that would be used in instructing students in the exercise of sound judgment. The examiner shall also emphasize the evaluation of the applicant's demonstrated ability to teach spatial disorientation, wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance, checklist usage, positive exchange of flight controls, Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO), runway incursion avoidance, and any other directed special emphasis areas.

Private Pilot PTS

Commerical Pilot PTS

Commericial Pilot PTS

Commercial Pilot PTS

121 Requirements 1995: Airlines encourage to develop runway incursion policies and procedures to include at least: – Use of Standard Phraseology in ATC Clearance read backs to confirm the assigned runway

121 Requirements 1996: FAA requires airlines to include in their Initial and Recurrent Pilot Ground Training programs the following: – Airport surface movement during night/low visibility environment – Airport markings, signs and lighting.

121 Requirements 2001: FAA issues AC (revised in 2003): Flight Crew procedures during Taxi Operations Purpose: provide guide lines for developing and implementing Standards Operating Procedures for conducting safe aircraft operations during taxing.

121 Requirements: Guidance Provided by AC A to develop SOP’s: – SOP Template for Ground Operations and the Prevention of Runaway Incursion – Philosophy of Using SOP for Runway Incursion Preventions – Recommended Practices and Techniques – Pre-Departure Briefing – Arrival Briefing

Reference Materials Aeronautical Information Manual AC A Flight Crew Procedures During Taxi Operations AC Pilot/Flightcrew procedures during Taxi Operations and Single Pilot Operations Airplane Flying Handbook Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge VCR Tape: Pilot Operations at Towered Airports and Airport Signs, Marking and Procedures Your Guide to Avoiding a Runway Incursion