Chemistry 204 Dr. Christine Yerkes 207 Chem Annex Mon. - Fri. 1:00 - 2:00 or by appointment

Required Text : Chemical Principles, 5th ed., Zumdahl electronic calculator with log functions Quiz sections begin: Wed, Jan. 18

On-line Homework: 85 pts. Quiz score:150 pts. Hour Exams (3 x 150)450 pts. Final Exam300 pts. TA evaluation 15 pts pts. No make-up quizzes or exams Grading Policy:

Grades % ( ) = A % ( ) = A % ( ) = A- etc., etc., etc points total

weekly quizzes - material from previous week (lecture and Quiz section) each quiz worth 15 points - keep 10 highest Quiz scores: 165 points TA evaluation - 15 points

On-line Homework: 8 Homework assignments on LON-CAPA due dates on line credit for all problems completed before deadline 85 points

LON-CAPA net i.d. Chem 204 homepage user name : password :Active Directory (AD) password CITES

Transition metals Alfred Werner CoCl 3. 6 NH 3 CoCl 3. 5 NH 3 CoCl 3. 4 NH 3 CoCl 3. 3 NH 3 + HCl no reaction with NH 3 100% + AgNO 3 AgCl (s) 33% 0% 66% [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] [Co(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ] [Co(NH 3 ) 3 Cl 3 ] Co has 6 ligands Cl 3 Cl 2 Cl and coordination chemistry

Transition metals and coordination chemistry [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] [Co(NH 3 ) 5 Cl] [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ] [Co(NH 3 ) 3 Cl 3 ] Cl 3 Cl 2 Cl Co NH 3 H3NH3N H3NH3N octahedral Cl 1 isomer all positions equivalent 1 isomer Cl 2 isomers [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ]Cl

Transition metals and coordination chemistry Lewis acid – Lewis base e - pair acceptor e - pair donor metalsempty orbitals lone pair e - on ligands coordinate covalent bond 1. oxidation state 2. coordination number

Transition metals and coordination chemistry Lewis acid – Lewis base e - pair acceptor e - pair donor metalsempty orbitals coordinate covalent bond 1. oxidation state Transition metals ScTi VCrMnFeCoNiCuZn 4s 2 3d13d1 3d23d2 3d33d3 3d53d5 4s 1 4s14s1 3d53d5 3d63d6 3d73d7 3d83d8 3d 10 s electrons lost first first-row ions do not have s e - Fe 2+ 3d 6 lone pair e - on ligands Cu +

Transition metals and coordination chemistry Lewis acid – Lewis base e - pair acceptor e - pair donor metalsempty orbitals coordinate covalent bond 1. oxidation state 2. coordination number # lone pairsligands lone pair e - on ligands

ligands H2OH2O.. aqua NH 3 ammine CN - cyano monodentate C C O OO.. -- oxalate M H 2 C CH 2 H 2 N NH 2.. ethylenediamine (en) bidentate chelate tridentate diethylenetriamine (dien) polydentate (6) EDTA M

[Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] [Co(NH 3 ) 3 Cl 3 ] Cl 3 Nomenclature 1. cation anion chloride 2. ligands (alphabetical) before metal, with prefixes hexaammine 3. oxidation state of metal in (roman numerals) cobalt(III) triamminetrichloro K 2 [CuCl 4 ]potassiumtetrachlorocuprate(II) p. 496 [CoCl 2 (en) 2 ]Clchloridedichlorobis(en)cobalt (III)

Isomerism same formuladifferent properties structural isomersdifferent bonds [CoSO 4 (NH 3 ) 5 ]Br [CoBr(NH 3 ) 5 ]SO 4 coordination isomerism Co NH 3 H3NH3N H3NH3NH3NH3N H3NH3N BrSO 4 linkage isomerism N OO Co N OO

Isomerism same formuladifferent properties [Co(NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2 ] Cl Cl stereoisomersdifferent spatial arrangement geometric isomerism Cl NH 3 H3NH3N H3NH3N Co NH 3 H3NH3N H3NH3N trans-cis- optical isomerism

Co Cl NH 3 H2OH2O Br Co Cl NH 3 H3NH3N H3NH3N OH 2 Br mirror imagesnon-superimposable enantiomers“hands”chiral differ biologically differ in “plane polarized light” plane of symmetry

chiralno plane of symmetry