Governments around the world Leadership Styles Governments around the world

Totalitarianism absolute control by a political party - often communist, socialist or fascist ideology all economic activity is controlled by the party Totalitarian governments are often led by a dictator who has complete power. These countries are often also aggressive and racist.

Totalitarian governments are effective: Totalitarianism when a goal must be accomplished in a set time period when all citizens agree to policies/goals set by the leader(s) if the leader abides by the same rules as the citizens Totalitarian governments are effective:

Totalitarian governments are not effective: Totalitarianism if citizens do not agree to the rules/policies set by the leader if the leader does not follow the same rules as the citizens if there is no time limit for a goal Totalitarian governments are not effective:

Totalitarianism U.S.S.R. 1922 - Joseph Stalin

Totalitarianism Italy 1922 - Benito Mussolini

Totalitarianism Germany 1933 - Adolf Hitler

Totalitarianism Spain 1936 - Francisco Franco

Totalitarianism North Korea 1948 - Kim Il- sung

Totalitarianism China 1949 - Mao Zedong

Totalitarianism Cuba 1959 - Fidel Castro

Autocracy leader has absolute power, and tells others what to do limited discussion on ideas leader can be elected into power decisions may be made by a monarch (hereditary leadership) or a dictator (non-hereditary leadership) only an absolute monarchy has total control. constitutional monarchies (Great Britain, Canada) do not, and are not considered autocratic

Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader? Autocracy Yes, they can and most often do. Totalitarianism is the presence of total government control, whereas an autocracy indicates the presence of a dictator or a monarch Can a Totalitarian Government have an autocratic leader?

Autocracies are effective: Autocracy when time is limited in decision making individuals/groups lack skill and knowledge citizens do not get along or are unable to co-operate citizens and government staff do not respond to leadership styles Autocracies are effective:

Autocracies are not effective: Autocracy when developing a strong sense of teamwork is a goal citizens have some degree of skill or knowledge when citizens want their opinion to be heard Autocracies are not effective:

Autocratic Leaders King Louis XIV of France reigned for 72 years

Autocratic Leaders Joseph Stalin - U.S.S.R. 30 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Adolf Hitler - Germany 12 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Muammar Gaddafi - Libya 32 years in power

Autocratic Leaders Bashar al-Assad - Syria in power since 2000

Oligarchy an oligarchy is similar to an autocratic government except that power rests in a small group rather than one person

Democracy decisions are made by the majority power rests in the body of citizens, and the head of government is not a monarch some democratic countries have a monarch, but still elect a government to make decisions. The monarch has little power. This situation is called a constitutional monarchy.

Democratic governments are effective: Democracy when there is a high degree of skill and/or motivation among citizens a sense of teamwork exists routines are familiar to citizens Democratic governments are effective:

Democratic governments are not effective: Democracy when there is a low degree of skill or knowledge among citizens when a low sense of teamwork/interdependence exists citizens expect to be told what to do Democratic governments are not effective:

Democracy Canada

Democracy United States of America

Democracy Japan

Democracy India

Democracy England

Laissez-Faire no group leader or system of government a state of social disorder due to lack of government laissez-faire is also known as anarchy

Laissez-faire is effective: when time is available group is motivated and/or a sense of team exists members of the group have some degree of skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is effective:

Laissez-faire is not effective: high degree of conflict is present group is unmotivated members of the group have little skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-faire is not effective: high degree of conflict is present group is unmotivated members of the group have little skill or knowledge Laissez-faire is not effective:

Laissez-Faire Somalia

Theocracy leadership by religion

Theocracy is effective: when all citizens possess the same understanding of the religion when values/morals/ethics are the same for all citizens Theocracy is effective:

Theocracy is not effective: when religious rules are interpreted differently among citizens when values/morals/ethics are different among citizens Theocracy is not effective:

Theocracy Vatican City - Pope Benedict XVI

Theocracy Iran - Sayyed Ali Khamenei

Aristocracy decisions made by those considered to be superior through wealth or education people in charge considered “naturally better” or “high born”

Aristocracy Aristocracy is effective: Aristocracy is not effective: when the aristocracy is interested in the welfare well- being of the citizens Aristocracy is effective: when the aristocracy becomes self-interested and greedy Aristocracy is not effective:

French Estates System First Estate (Clergy) Second Estate (Nobility) Bishops - 139 Monks - 25 000 Nuns - 40 000 Lower Clergy - 50 000 Second Estate (Nobility) 350 000 Third Estate (Everyone else) 24 500 000