American Government 2nd-5th Mr. Young Unit 1 Chapter 1, Section 3 American Government 2nd-5th Mr. Young

Essential Question Why did the Founding Fathers want America to be a Republic and not a Monarchy or a Democracy? What are the 5 important factors that democracy to grow within a state?

I CAN List and Explain the similarities and differences between the 3 major types of government Analyze the difference (if any) between a republic and a democracy Describe the four characteristics of a democracy Use the 5 features that make up a democracy to prove what countries would best be suited for Democracy around the world.

Three types of Govt Video http://www.hippocampus.org/History%20%26%20Government;jsessionid=AF35523B6F6600B0328A9CD96C101449?user=myKDE

Major Types of Government Greek philosopher Aristotle asked “Who governs the state?” 3 major types of gov’t Autocracy- rule by one person Oligarchy- rule by few people Democracy- rule be many persons

How Governments Determine Citizen Participation High Participation High Participation Select Citizens’ Participation General Citizens’ Participation Government Power Citizen Participation Government Power Government Power Citizen Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Autocratic Oligarchic Democracy

3 Major Types of Government 1) Autocracy- Any system of gov’t in which the power and authority to rule are in the hands of a single individual Oldest and most common form of government 3 Types of autocratic governments

A. Absolute Power Totalitarian dictatorship- ideas of single leader are glorified and government seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life Examples: Hitler, Stalin, Napoleon

B. Monarchy King, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government Absolute Monarchs- complete and unlimited power to rule Example: Western Europe 1400-1700

Monarchy Saudi Arabia A government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state or territory, usually for life and by hereditary right; the monarch may be either a sole absolute ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or prince - with constitutionally limited authority. CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions

C. Constitutional Monarchs Monarchs that share government powers with elected legislature or serve mainly as the ceremonial leaders of their government Examples: Great Britain, Sweden, Japan

Constitutional Monarchy Japan and Canada A system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions

Autocratic Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9wvG-tOYko Autocrat Action Figure

3 Major Types of Government 2) Oligarchy- Any system of government in which a small group holds the power Derives power from wealth, military power, social positions, religion, or a combo of them all. Example: Communist countries today

How Governments Determine Citizen Participation Autocracy & Oligarchy Sometimes claim they rule for the people. In reality, the people have very little say in both types of government. Examples- May hold elections with only one candidate or control the results in various ways. Examples- Even when these governments have a legislature or national assembly, they often only approve decisions made by the leaders. Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006)

Democracy Videos http://www.hippocampus.org/History%20%26%20Government;jsessionid=AF35523B6F6600B0328A9CD96C101449?user=myKDE HippoCampus “theories of democracy”

3 Major Types of Government 3) Democracy- System of government in which rule is by the people Key Idea: People hold sovereign power

Two Types of Democracies Direct Democracy- people govern themselves by voting on issues individually as citizens

Two Types of Democracies 2) Indirect/Representative Democracy- people elect representatives and give them the power

Democracy: Two Types A. Direct: rule by the people themselves. B. Indirect (representative): rule by elected representatives. C. Founders' distrust of direct democracy: 1. Impracticalities. 2. Fleeting passions of the people.

Democracy Cont. Republic- voters are the source of the government’s authority (requires citizen participation) Founding fathers wanted a republic because it would promote citizen participation Not every democracy around the world is a republic, i.e. Great Britain

Republican Systems A representative democracy in which the people's elected deputies (representatives), not the people themselves, vote on legislation. CIA World Factbook Notes and Definitions

Sample Test Question What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government? A. voting B. working C. obeying laws D. consuming goods

Sample Test Question What is a basic way citizens of a democratic nation can influence the government? A. voting* B. working C. obeying laws D. consuming goods

Characteristics of Democracy Individual Liberty Majority Rule with Minority rights Free Elections Competing Political Parties

1) Individual Liberty People are as free as possible to develop their own opportunities for success

2) Majority Rule/Minority Rights In democracy people usually accept the decisions of majority of voters in elections Constitution helps to ensure the rights of individuals in the minority will be protected Easy to say, hard to maintain Court Case: Endo v. United States

3) Free Elections Democratic governments receive their legitimacy by the consent of the governed 5 characteristics that mark free elections

5 Characteristics of Free Elections “One person, one vote”: every vote the same All candidates can express their views freely Citizens free to help candidates or support issues Legal requirements for voting are kept to a minimum May vote freely by secret ballot

4) Competing Political Parties Political Parties- A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy Those out of power help keep a check on those in power

Soil of Democracy Five general criteria where a democracy is more likely to grow Active citizen participation Favorable economy Widespread education Strong civil society Social consensus

1) Active Citizen Participation Citizens must be willing to participate in civic life, such as voting, serve on juries, and run for government offices

2) A Favorable Economy Need a good, large middle class Need a stable, growing economy People not worried about politics if their economic life is out of hand Free enterprise- the opportunity to control one’s own economic decision

3) Widespread Education Needs a country where its people are well educated It is the duty of government to provide education for citizens if it wants to be a democracy.

4) Strong Civil Society Groups and organizations that exist separately and independently of the government Give citizens opportunity to express views, make opinions heard, and participate in their democracy Examples: Red Cross, NRA, local churches and newspapers

5) Social Consensus Democracy is more likely to grow in a country where people accept the democratic values within a country, such as individual liberty, equality for all, and limits of gov’t power

Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: Parliamentary & Presidential

Parliamentary Democracy May have a Prime Minister elected Describe the two predominant forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential Parliamentary Democracy A system of government in which executive and legislative functions both reside in an elected assembly called parliament. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature. Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006)

Presidential Democracy Describe the two predominant forms of democratic government: parliamentary and presidential Presidential Democracy A system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature. The executive branch exists separately from the legislature (to which it is generally not accountable). Remy, Richard C., United States Government- Democracy in Action (Columbus, OH: Glencoe, McGraw-Hill, 2006)

Sample Test Question Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true? A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life. B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate. C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties. D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.

Sample Test Question Which statement about Great Britain's parliamentary system of government today is true? A. Members of both houses of Parliament are elected for life. B. The queen decides which laws Parliament will debate. C. Members of Parliament do not belong to political parties. D. The prime minister is not directly chosen by voters.*

Essential Question Why did the Founding Fathers want America to be a Republic and not a Monarchy or a Democracy? What are the 5 important factors that democracy to grow within a state?