HENRY VIII Tereza Vodňanská

Henry VIII (1491 – 1547) King of England, King of Ireland, Prince of Wales born as the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York had 6 siblings – only 3 survived infancy – the successor should have been Arthur, not Henry he was the second monarch of the House of Tudor famous for having been married six times King

Youth was given a first-rate education from leading tutors, becoming fluent in Latin, French, and Spanish is known to have been an avid gambler and dice player excelled at sports, especially jousting, hunting, and real tennis was also an accomplished musician, player of many instruments, author, and poet

18 years old Henry VIII

Catherine of Aragon Prince Arhtur´s widow Youngest child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile problems with this marriage because of Pope wedding on 11 June 1509, and on 24 June 1509, the two were crowned, at Westminster Abbey

Coronation of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon

Catherine couldn´t produce the desired male heir of the throne daughter Mary Henry became attracted to a young courtier of Queen – Anne Boleyn Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was ordered to start proceedings with Rome and Pope – Henry wanted to annul the marriage with Catherine Henry wasn´t successful

Thomas Cromwell and Thomas Cranmer young clerics they appeared after some time in the court and they supported the King Cranmer was at first rewarded with a position as ambassador to the imperial court, then he became the Archbishop of Canterbury Cromwell earned a position of chief adviser to the king – a proposal that Henry should declare himself the head of the Church in England Cranmer declare the marriage with Catherine invalid and Henry´s new one with Anne Boleyn valid

Thomas CranmerThomas Cromwell

Anne Boleyn crowned as Queen on 1 June 1533 she gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth, but not to a male heir she was arrested on charges of using witchcraft, having relationships with other men and of incest with her brother George Boleyn with her brother she was beheaded

1533 – Henry was excomunicated from the Roman Church 1534 – Act of Supremacy - which declared that the King was "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England". Parliament passed many other acts – e.g. Act of Succession (Mary couldn´t became the Queen) 1535 – Laws in Wales Act - which legally annexed Wales, uniting England and Wales into one unified nation; use of English in official proceedings in Wales

Jane Seymour Henry became engaged to her one day after Anne's execution in 1536, and 10 days later married her she was one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting to whom the King had been showing favour for some time she gave Henry a son, Prince Edward (future Edward VI), but in the same year Jane died according to Henry she was the only true wife

Anne Cleves suggested by Cromwell painted by Hans Holbein the Younger and the portrait sent to the King sister of the Protestant Duke of Cleves January 1540 – wedding Henry found her unattractive, the marriage was annuled called "The King's Sister"

Catherine Howard wedding in July 1540 from powerful Catholic family very young but the King was delighted with her T. Cranmer tried to keep evidence of Queen Catherine's activities Catherine's marriage was annulled shortly before her execution Catherine was executed on 13 February she was only about eighteen years old at the time

Catherine Parr a wealthy widow, the last wife 1543 – wedding she argued with Henry about religion (she was radical, Henry conservative) she helped Henry with his two daughters (1544 – The Act of Parliament put them back in the line of succession after Edward) she survived thanks to her submissiveness

Catherine of Aragon - divorced Anne Boleyn - beheaded Jane Seymour - died Anne Cleves - divorced Catherine Howard - beheaded Catherine Parr - survived All six wives

The English Reformation the process by which the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff in England was eliminated and replaced with Royal Supremacy and the institution of a Church of England outside of the Roman Catholic Church and under the power of the Supreme Governance of the English monarch the English Reformation was more of a political than a theological dispute the breakup between Rome and England started in the reign of Henry VIII and is therefore sometimes called the Henrician Reformation Henry didn’t really establish new ideas about religion, he just wanted England’s church independent this gave England’s church its own power and influenced other states to establish their own churches.

Culture Henry was a Renaissance man - his court was a centre of scholarly and artistic innovation The discovery of America or "The New World" set the stage for Henry's innovative attitude - Henry was among the first European rulers to learn about the true geography of the world, a revolutionary discovery This discovery developed an atmosphere of exploration and discovery in the arts and sciences of which Henry took full advantage in his court and daily life Henry is traditionally called one of the founders of the Royal Navy - his favourite ship was Mary Rose Henry personally wrote letters mainly to Anne Boleyn and Thomas Wolsey, also some books and songs His character inspired many artists – e.g. later painters, W. Shakespeare

Mary Rose

The end of life Later in life, Henry was grossly overweight, with a waist measurement of 54 inches (137 cm) possibly suffered from gout (dna) The well known theory that he suffered from syphilis was first promoted approximately 100 years after his death But also he gradually became ulcerated (pokrytý vředy) He died on 28 January 1547 at the Palace of Whitehall (he died on what would have been his father's 90th birthday) Henry VIII was buried in St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, next to his wife Jane Seymour His successor was at first Edward VI, the first Protestant monarch in England

Henry´s children

Family

Passing the throne to Edward VI

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