{ Mercantilism Policy to export more than you import

{ Monarch A King or a queen

{ Colony A group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties to their homeland.

{ Indentured Servant Person who agreed to work for someone else for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

{ Slave People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude

{ Trustee A person who holds responsibilities for others

{ Charter A legal document that grants special rights and privileges

{ Militia A citizen’s army

{ Middle Man A person who buys from a producer then sells to traders and consumers.

{ Garrison A fort where troops are housed

{ Artisans Craftsmen

{ Regulations Government orders (instead of laws)

{ The Founding of Georgia The Founding of Georgia The 13 th Colony

WHO SHOULD HELP THOSE WHO CANNOT HELP THEMSELVES? DOES IT MAKE A DIFFERENCE IF THE PERSON CANNOT OR WILL NOT HELP THEMSELVES? THOUGHT QUESTION

Gin Lane

 The Spanish  Wanted God, Gold, and Glory.  The English (British)  Wanted to pursue colonization to support mercantilism.  The French  Primary focus was on the fur trade.

Jamestown First permanent colony created in the New World. Initially unsuccessful, but then grew tobacco, rice and indigo to send back to England. Led to more colonies being built to produce agricultural products.  Maryland (1632  Carolina (1663- divided in 1712)  Georgia 1733

James Oglethorpe Considered to be the founder of Georgia. Member of the British Parliament Wanted to reform British prisons.

Unemployment severe in England People owed money - debts Debtors (and their families) put in prison Horrible prison conditions Why did English prisons need reform?

  What barbarity can be greater than for gaolers (without provocation) to load prisoners with irons, and thrust them into dungeons, and manacle them, and deny their friends to visit them, and force them to pay excessive fines for their chamber rent, their victuals and drinks; to open their letters and seize the charity that is sent to them! And when debtors have succeeded in arranging with their creditors, hundreds are detained in prison for chamber-rent and other unjust demands put forward by their gaolers, so that at last, in their despair, many are driven to commit suicide... gaolers should be paid a fixed salary and forbidden, under pain of instant dismissal, to accept bribe, fee or reward of any kind... law of imprisonment for debts inflicts a greater loss on the country…; England … shows mercy to murderers and robbers, but of poor debtors impossibilities are demanded... Manchester Times, 22 October 1862 [3] [3] Why did English prisons need reform?

James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.

King George II & The Charter of 1732 Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land Oglethorpe and John Percival were given a charter to create Georgia Georgia named after King George II Colony: a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country. Charter signed June 20, 1732 Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials

Georgia’s three purposes 1. Charity – Get rid of poverty and unemployment 2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes 3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England Catholics were not allowed- WHY? Unofficial Purpose

Georgia’s Boundaries  Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California).  Boundaries:  North: Savannah R  South: Altamaha R  East: Atlantic Ocean  West: Pacific Ocean

The Charter Georgia was a Trustee Colony Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21)

The Charter Rules for the Trustees 1. They would not be paid 2. They could not receive any of the land in Georgia 3. They could not hold public office

 Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.)  Banned Liquor/Rum ( beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.)  Did not allow lawyers or Catholics  Largest farms could only be 500 acres Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

 Colonists were required to defend the colony.  Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms).  Colonists could not sell their land.  Land could not be passed to female heirs.  They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.

Daily life in Georgia

Exit/Review Questions  1. Why did James Oglethorpe want to create Georgia?  2. What are the three reasons and the one unofficial reason for the creation of Georgia?  3. What is a buffer?  4. What religious group could you not be apart of to live in Georgia?  5. How far did the original western border of Georgia stretch to?

If you were Oglethorpe Take out a clean sheet of paper Write a sentence or two answering: What would be the first thing you would do in establishing a new colony in an unsettled land?

The first colonists  35 families selected  No debtors selected  Farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people  Families received free land, weapons, tools and had to live under trustee rules

 1. restriction on land and inheritance (land belonged only to men)  2. No slavery  3. No rum and hard liquors  4. Must defend the colony against all enemies.  5. Obey all rules and regulations the Trustees set up. Remember the Colonist’s Rules:

Arrival of The Ann The First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne) February 12, Colonists arrive at Yamacraw Bluff- and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there.

Tomochichi  Georgia Day  Chief of the Yamacraw Indians  Welcomed Oglethorpe and English  Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English  Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade

 Tomochichi

 One of the most important people in Georgia History  She was half Indian/half English  She served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & Oglethorpe  Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post MARY MUSGROVE

 Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Ogelthorpe to meet George II.  They made a very good impression on the English. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

Oglethorpe and Tomochichi

Georgia’s First Settlement  Settlement named Savannah after the river.  Laid out in a series of squares  First planned city in America

 Heat and disease hurt the colonists  Caught dysentery from the Savannah River  The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733)  first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships Disease and Hardship

 1. What is a trustee?  2. What kinds of people came to Georgia?  3. Were any debtors sent to the colonies?  4. Why did Tomochichi allow the English to settle?  5. What role did Mary Mugrove play in Georgia’s settlement? Exit Questions

{ Why did Chief Tomochichi allow Oglethorpe to settle on Yamacraw Bluff? READ & PUT INTO YOUR OWN WORDS: The Yamacraw Indians had become dependent on English goods and they had to travel to the South Carolina colony to get them. If a new English colony was built, it would be closer for the Yamacraws to trade.

 Growing Pains  Colonists complain about trustee regulations

 Recovery of the Colony  dig a well, stopping the dysentery  More colonists arrive to replace those that died  Very diverse: Germans, Italians, Swiss, and Jewish settlers By the end of the first year, over 50 houses and public buildings had been built

 James Oglethorpe was an admired member of the colony  Lived in a tent until all other colonists were provided houses  Visited the sick colonists  Worked hard in the fields with the other people Jimmy Does it Again

 James O was in a bind  When he enforced the rules, colonists complained  When he didn’t, the trustees complained  Had to play a balance game between the two Oglethorpe in the Middle

 Colonists did not like that they could not own lots of land or that they could only pass the land to a male heir when they died.  The inheritance rules and the ban on slavery were eventually repealed: Colonists rejoiced Oglethorpe in the Middle

 Building Forts  Need a buffer from France and Spain  Build forts for protection: Ft. Frederica on St. Simons Island  Spanish upset that English are in Georgia, may attack

 War with Spain  1739 Britain declared war on Spain  Spring of 1740 Oglethorpe leads force to invade Florida

 Spanish were turned back  Oglethorpe promoted to general  1743 Oglethorpe returned to England  Got married  Worked for Parliament

 Colony Declines  People begin to leave Georgia and go back to England or other colonies  1750 slavery allowed  1752 British government takes over colony

 1. What were the three rules the trustees had for the colonists?  2. Why did the trustees have such strict rules?  3. What river was the was the first settlement of Georgia named after?  4. What was allowed in 1750 that made people want to stay in Georgia? Exit Questions

 Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony  1752 GA becomes a royal colony  1754 Captain John Reynolds becomes Royal Governor: king’s representative and CEO of colony

 Colony Prospers  Headright system  Each family given 100 acres  Extra 50 acres per family member, indentured servant or slave.  Pay for surveying and recording