 COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS OF New France

 EUROPEAN EXPLORERS Exploration: - Seeking new lands and new routes Mercantilism: Mercantilism: - economic theory - Countries accumulated wealth by developing colonies as a source of RAW MATERIALS and as MARKETS for finished goods Colonization: - settling and control of new lands

 Age of Exploration: - From AD - Explorers looking for new water routes to far east - Sought spices, silks, and other fine goods - New ideas + better ship building = longer voyages - Required financial backing of King / Queen Monarchs willing to pay for voyages to gain wealth and power

 Mercantilism: - Mother country makes a profit off colonies under their control - Central idea to exploration and colonization around the world - During 1500 and 1600’s, countries sought wealth and power, therefore relied on colonies to provide raw materials and buy finished goods

 Monopoly: - The exclusive right to trade and control an area - European rulers would lay claim to areas in the Americas that were explored - Believed control extendedto land to all resources on land as well - Explorers would plant a symbol to signal control by particular Eurpoean country

 Colonization: - bringing another separate region under direct control - Essential to control newly claimed lands - Expected to develop resources supplies and provide market for manufactured goods -Early attempts were slowed because N. America did not yield precious metals and jewels -First prosperous industry = fishing -Fur trade soon developed -Permanent settlements not required for either industry at first

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 King Louis XIV of France Absolute Monarch Definition: Leaders have unlimited power over their people. This power is not restricted by a set of rules (constitution) or by parliament or by groups like the aristocracy.

 King Louis XIV of France Absolute Monarch : Characteristics are: 1.Only the people selected by the ruler are allowed to participate in the government 2.Only one person, the king, has the power to make decisions 3.Majority rule does not exist in an absolute monarchy. Minority rule and one person rule exist …. Which in this case was the King of France.

 Jean-Baptiste Colbert Chief Official of France : Colbert’s role was to be incharge of France’s economy. His idea was to use France’s colonies around the world to make France more powerful. He was interested in mercantilism, where the colonies raw resources would be taken and marketed in France.

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 Comte De Frontenac Governor of New France Role In New France 1.Represented the King 2.Highest ranking official in New France 3.Responsible for military planning, relations with native people, ensuring other officials did their job.

 Jean Talon First Intendant of New France Role in New France: 1.Acted as master of New France in the king’s name 2.Informed the king of colonial activities and ensured harmony among the people. 3.Appointed the nobility 4.Supervised day-to-day running of the colony, law and order and finance matters.

 Francois de Laval Bishop of Quebec Role in New France: 1.Represented the Roman Catholic Church in New France 2.In charge of missionaries, churches, hospitals and schools 3.Reported to the king on colonial activities and ensured harmony among his parishes.

 HABITANTS

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 Seigneurial System

 Why was the seigneurial system in New France so important to the daily life of the habitants? 1.Most days were spent on their land working away just to survive. 2.Had to tend to all the daily needs: farming, vegetable gardens, family, livestock, etc 3.Each habitant family had to pay monthly rent on the land so they needed to have enough to sell to pay.

 Who owned the land in New France? The King of France Who ran the land on a day to day basis? The Seigneur who looked after the land for a share of the profits. (nobility chosen by the King) What was the role of the seigneur? Duties included: 1. Subdivide the seigneury into 32 hectare parcels and grant land to the habitants. 2. Build a house and flour mill on the seigneury. 3. Contribute to the construction of a church. 4. Report to Intendant information on population, land used and cultivated and dues paid.

 Duties of the Habitants: 1. Pay taxes or dues to the seigneur (cens et rentes) 2. Build a house and farm the land 3. Perform unpaid labour for the seigneur a few days each year (corvee) 4. Give a percentage of his produce (fish, crops, animals) to the seigneur annually.

 In your own words, explain what the life of the habitant was like on a day to day basis?

 What was the diet of the average habitant? Meat: deer, rabbit, moose, beaver, waterfowl (duck, chicken, turkey, partridge, goose), pig, cow Fish: cod, shrimp, trout, Vegetables: onions, carrots, beets, potatoes, corn, squash, wheat, herbs, peas and corn (most popular) Fruit: berries Others: Bread (staple food 70% of daily intake), Milk, Cheese, eggs from chickens,

Virtual Museum of New France

 Roles of the Family FATHERMOTHERYOUNG BOYYOUNG GIRL - Cutting down trees - Farming - Carpentry Building Furniture -Hunting and Fishing -Salt Dry of Meat and Fish - Cutting and hauling firewood - Taking care of house and children - Gardening - Canning of Winter storage of food -Helping in the harvest -Cooking Over 14: were old enough to help father on farming chores and building Under 14: picking veg from garden, fishing, feeding the livestock, Over 14: same chores as mother Under 14: helping mother with cooking and cleaning, the garden, storage of food, feeding some small livestock

 Special Occasion Foods Turkey pie, goose, duck, maple syrup, ham,

 Form of Entertainment To occupy their free time, the inhabitants held soirées, when they would gather to tell stories, or to share in celebrations. In town, many people would go to inns and taverns. There, they would drink spirits and play cards, billiards, backgammon or dice. Gambling, already popular in the 1600s, became even more so during the following century.

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