Chapter 2: Free People in a free land – Building the American System of Government Study for Quiz: -Review Vocabulary Sheet -Crossword Puzzle -This PowerPoint -Page 55-56: reviewing what you learned -Try and answer the 10 questions : pg. 56-57

Colonial Governments Charter Royal Proprietary Authorization Royal grant to founding group Directly under control of monarch Owned by a single person who had received a royal grant of land Administered by Governor, usually elected, sometimes appointed by founders Governor, appointed by monarch Governor, appointed by proprietor Lawmaking Bodies Council and assembly, both elected Council, appointed by governor; Assembly, elected Council, appointed by proprietor; Assembly, elected

What institutions existed within each colonial government? Colony’s political institutions included: A government limited by a charter or constitution A governor The governor’s council A popularly elected assembly Courts and local governments

Assembly Only the assembly had the power to raise the money needed to pay for the costs of administering the colony Responsibilities included: Raising local defense forces Maintaining law and order Regulating trade Writing laws governing land ownership Dealing with Indian problems

Relationship between the monarch and the colonies? Salutary neglect: British government - laws controlling trade were written but not enforced Americans learned to take responsibility for their own economic and military security

Proclamation of 1763 Parliament closed the western lands to further settlement by issuing the Proclamation of 1763 Guaranteed that the colonies’ own land speculators would love their investments in the West SUGAR ACT OF 1764 Reduced the tax on non-British sugar and molasses Double purpose of raising revenue and ending trade with French colonies in the West Indies

Stamp Act of 1765 Placed taxes on colonial newspapers, licenses, legal documents, playing cards, and other printed materials In order to show that the tax has been paid, the items had to have a stamp placed on them Townshend Act of 1767 – tried to raise additional revenues by taxing colonial imports of glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

Albany Plan of Union The threat of attack by the French and their Indian allies hung over the northeastern colonies. The danger was magnified because the colonies has never cooperated in military matters To solve this problem, the British government called representatives of seven colonies to a meeting in Albany, New York. Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan under which the colonies would unite in defense of any member faced with raids or invasions

Declaration of Independence 5 member committee led by Thomas Jefferson July 4, 1776 – formally adopted Three major sections: Introduction explains why is was necessary to declare independence Middle section lists the wrongs suffered by the colonies at the hands of the king Third section announces the creation of a new government 4 important ideas about the government: All people are created equal and they have certain basic human rights The purpose of government is to safeguard these rights The right of a government to rule comes from the people The people have the right to change their government

Articles of Confederation – summary is on pg. 56, bullet point #7 Cooperative measures agreed on by the states: The creation of a national legislative body scheduled to meet annually and authorized to conduct the nation’s business One vote per state to be cast as instructed by the various state legislatures Proclamation of a league of friendship among the states The government was empowered to provide for the common defense, safeguard individual liberties, and maintain the general welfare

Vocabulary: Bicameral legislature: two–houses Unicameral legislature: one-house Mercantilism: an economic theory popular in the 1600’s that stated that the role of colonies was to enrich the home country Colonies developed legislative bodies with 2 houses: Upper house – council – advised the governor and generally represented the colony’s upper class Lower house – assembly – popularly elected First Continental Congress: 1774 – colonies pledged cooperation and sent a Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the king Second Continental Congress: served as a national government from 1775-1781 – its members issued the Declaration of Independence and attempted to manage the economic and military problems of the revolution – ALSO, w rote the Articles of Confederation – signed important treaties of alliance and issues paper money to pay for the war