Lesson 31: Innocent and the Inquisition The ‘bright’ and ‘dark’

Apostolic Church Apostolic Fathers Church Councils Church History Ca. 30AD590 AD1517 AD Golden Age of Church Fathers Ancient Church HistoryMedieval Church HistoryModern Church History The Pre-Reformers The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire The Crusades The Papacy in Decline

Innocent III ( ) I. The Papacy in Italy and Europe Vicar of ChristA person who stands in someone else’s place Lothario Conti b Cardinal Deacon of Rome 1197 Elected Pope “No! We are the successors of Peter the prince of the apostles, but we are not his vicar, nor are we the vicar of any man or any apostle; we are the vicar of Jesus Christ Himself”

Fredrick II ( ) Battle of Bouvines (NE France) Result: weakened German monarch

John of England ( ) Interdict “The English monarchy, in many ways the most successful in Europe, lay prostrate in the dust at the feet of Innocent III.”Needham, V 2, pg 305

Phillip Augustus of France ( )

II. Internal Church Affairs Legatesappointed by Pope; answers only to him Doctrinal:Transubstantiation Condemn heresies:Cathars and Waldensians Institutionalized anti-Semitism Fourth Lateran Council 1215

The Dissenting or “Free Church” Tradition 1.Voluntary church membership Saw church as ‘gathered’ rather than ‘parish’ Church made up of ones experiencing the ‘new birth’ 2. Adult baptism upon profession of faith 3. Separation from the world Mainline Christianity tended toward cultural captivity Dissenters called for radical obedience 4. Absolute separation of the church and state 5. Simplicity in church organization and worship Wary of hierarchy, ornate worship, vestments Iconoclastic III. The Church, It’s Adversaries and Inquisition

Cathars Albigensians “Pure Ones” Outer group “believers” Inner group “the perfect” Albigensian Crusade ( ) III. The Church, It’s Adversaries and Inquisition “The beliefs and practices of the Cathars were basically identical with those of the Gnostics from the early Church period…” Dr. Needham

Waldo of Lyons Valdes of Lyon (?...c 1217) He commissioned the translation of several books of the Bible He abandoned his business and distributed his goods to the poor “If you wish to be perfect, sell what you have and follow me” Mk. 10:22 “We have decided to live by the words of the Gospel, essentially that of the Sermon on the Mount, and the Commandments, that is, to live in poverty without concern for tomorrow. But we hold that also those who continue to live their lives in the world doing good will be saved.” He determined to preach the gospel in public “It is better to obey God than man” “Peter Waldo”

“The Poor” Lux lucet in tenebris Light Shining in Darkness Hear the Word of God Live in voluntary poverty Share (preach) the message Barba or Uncle 1532Synod of Chanforan: recognized Reformed movement Why the Waldensians? Teachers who went ‘2 x 2’ disguised as merchants

The Inquisition Innocent III and the Franciscans Franciscans Dominicans