Middle Colonies Proprietary colony- A gift from King to individual or group –Usually to pay off a debt NY- founded by Dutch, –Dutch focused on fur trade –Becomes trading center, multinational, religious tolerance enforced –Taken by Eng in 1664

Other Middle Colonies Penn- given to pay off debt to Will Penn. –Set up for Quakers –Practice religious tolerance, treat all as equals, nonviolence –Mult. Prot. Rel. groups settl –German Lutherans huge #s NJ- taken from Dutch in given to nobles Del- Swedes find in 1638, ’64 Eng take, Penn makes colony in 1681

Southern Colonies Maryland- gift to Lord Baltimore in 1631 –Catholic haven –Religious tol for all Christians –Puritans move in, out# Cath. –Grow tobacco, use slaves –Most like VA Carolinas- est split into N. and S. –NC-tobacco –SC- rice, indigo Georgia-Trusteeship- board runs colony for investors –Debtors colony –Buffer zone b/w Carolina and Sp. Fl –No booze, no slaves, no Catholics –1752 trustees give colony to King

Summary Colonies est for religious, economic, and political freedom Individuals attempting to create means for individual success American Colonies are a haven for those seeking a fresh chance

On the Nature of Colonies

Mercantilism Developed in 1500’s Set amount of nat. res. In world –Have to control most valuable –Gold and Silver (bouillon) Exports greater than imports Est. colonies- import nat. res. Markets to export goods –Keep wealth inside country Place tariffs (duties, taxes) on for. goods to keep out –British- Navigation Acts

English Civil War 1640’s, Am. Colonies stable King conflicts w/ Parliament- results in war, King executed, Cromwell takes power –Shows Eng. believe in self-rule over absolute rule Civil war until Anglicans flee to southern states Under Cromwell, colonies left alone

New Navigation Act 1660-Cromwell overthrown, King Charles II put in power Strengthens Navi. Act –Only goods to Eng, only Brit ships, Brit crews. –No for. can purchase, sell, or transport goods in Am Col.

Dominion of NE Char. II dies, bro James takes over dissolves NY and NE charters –Creates Dom of NE All col. legisl. dissolved, central royal governor & council appointed by James –New governor closes assemblies, creates new taxes w/o consent of people or King. James forces religious tolerance- –He’s Catholic –Why would this frighten New Englanders?

Glorious Revolution Eng. upset w/ Cath. Crown- overthrow Put Prot., William of Orange and his wife, Mary (daughter of James) as King, Queen New Eng colonies re-est., Mass made a royal colony. Crown leaves colonies alone

Salutary Neglect Don’t enforce Nav. Acts Crown trusts royal gov. Atlantic Ocean makes communication difficult Col. assem. gain control over legislation and taxation in colonies Assemblies control royal salaries, judicial appointments See selves as British subjects w/ “home rule”

Wealth in Colonies Develops out of Triangular Trade England  Africa: Manufactured goods to Afr. Kings for slaves Africa  Americas: Slaves for raw materials (varied by region) Americas  England: raw materials for manufactured goods

Effects of Sal. Neglect Salutary Neglect combined with the Triangular Trade allowed Am colonists to grow wealthy w/o much government interference Col. grow paranoid- worried Eng start enforcing Navi Acts, –Afraid will take away economic freedom, political freedom –Colonists work hard to protect rights If one falls, then all would fall