Write the following questions in your notebook. Leave room for the answers. By the end of class, you will be able to answer all of the following questions: 1. Describe the Protestant Reformation. 2. What happened to the Spanish Armada in 1588? 3. What would finding the Northwest Passage have allowed sailors to do? Who searched for it? 4. Why was it so difficult to start a colony at Roanoke? 5. The French: Where did they settle? 6. The Dutch and the Swedish: Where did they settle?

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EVENTS IN EUROPE Protestant Reformation  1517 (Germany) Martin Luther  Publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church  Church too wealthy and abused its power  Religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe  Create political disputes  Protestants – reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s practices  Religion should be simple

 Printing press spread Reformations ideas  Bible’s, essays  Allowed independent study  Conflict between Catholics and Protestants  Civil war  1500s French Catholics vs. French Huguenots (protestant) = Huguenots emigrated to Americas  Religious freedom  1534 Church of England created by Henry the VIII  Challenged Popes authority 

Describe the Protestant Reformation.

Spain and England Go to War  1500s King Philip II of Spain led Catholic Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation  Goal: Drive the Protestants out of England  Sea Dogs = English sailors led by Sir Francis Drake  Spanish Armada – huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans

 Invade England Overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church  1588 Smaller English fleet defeated the Armada  Shocked Spain  Spain’s economy is in trouble  Ends Spain’s dominance of the sea

What happened to the Spanish Armada in 1588?

Search for a Northwest Passage  Northwest Passage – water route through NA that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific  John Cabot – Sailed for England ( )  Basis for the English American colonies  Giovanni da Verrazano – 1524 (Italy)  Coasts of North Carolina to Maine

 Jacques Cartier (France)  St. Lawrence River  Land claimed for France  Henry Hudson (England) 1609  Found NY  1 st trip he sailed for the Dutch and the 2 nd for the English  Hudson Bay

What would finding the Northwest Passage have allowed sailors to do? Who searched for it?

EUROPEAN PRESENCE  Spain and Portugal dominated Americas early  England, France, and the Dutch also explored North America

English Presence in the New World  The English wanted to try to set up a permanent settlement in the new world in the 1500s  Sir Walter Raleigh  Received a charter from the Queen  WHAT IS A CHARTER?  A document giving permission to create a settlement colony  1584 expedition landed in present day Virginia and North Carolina

Roanoke Island founded in NC in 1585  Hard life – fought with Native Americans, trouble finding and growing food  1 year later returned to England  John White resettled in 1587, returned to England for supplies but war with Spain prevented him from returning for 3 years. When he did colony was deserted  “lost colony”

Why was it so difficult to start a colony at Roanoke?

The French: Where did they settle?

French Presence in the New World  1 st North American settlement was Florida (1564)  Destroyed by Spanish  Settled Present Day Canada  Samuel de Chaplain  Followed Cartier  1608 colony on the St. Lawrence River in Quebec for fur trade

 1600s New France  Fur traders, explorers, missionaries  Mississippi River – Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette (1673)  Mississippi Valley claimed for France called Louisiana  1700s New Outposts  Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans  settlers  Allied with Native Americans because of Fur Trades

The French: Where did they settle?

The Dutch and the Swedish: Where did they settle?

Dutch Presence in the New World  Dutch were searching for trade  Claimed the land between the Delaware River and the Hudson River = New Netherlands  1624Dutch West India Company  Bought Manhattan Island for $24  New Amsterdam  Religious freedom Swedish Presence in the New World  New Sweden in the same area along the Delaware River – later became part of New Netherlands

The Dutch and the Swedish: Where did they settle?