Chapter 15 Section 1 Composition of Matter

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Ex - Basically everything 2 types of matter Substances Mixture

Substances A type of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substance It is PURE (has a fixed composition) Ex – helium, aluminum, water, and salt 2 types of substances Elements Compounds

Elements A substance with atoms that are all alike If it is on the periodic table, it is an element Ex – pencil graphite = carbon penny coating = copper pure gold = gold

Compounds Substance formed from 2 or more elements in which the exact combination and proportion of elements are always the same Elements bonded together in an exact way Ex – Water and chalk

Mixtures A material made up of 2 or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means Ex – Pizza, soda, sand and pebbles, or sand and iron 2 types of mixtures Heterogeneous Homogenous

Homogenous Mixtures Solid, liquid, or gas that contains 2 or more substances blended evenly throughout “Homo” means “same” Ex – Bottled soda or vinegar 1 types of homogenous mixture Solutions

Solutions Homogenous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope Solid particles are too small to be seen and do NOT settle out Ex - Vinegar

Heterogeneous Mixtures Mixture in which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identified “Hetero” means “different” Ex – Mixed nuts, dry soup mix, concrete, and some clothing 2 types of heterogeneous solutions Suspensions Colloids

Suspensions Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle Ex – Muddy water

Colloids A heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle out Particles are larger than those in a solution but still will not settle out Ex – Paint, fog, or smoke

How can you distinguish a colloid from a solution? The Tyndall effect states that a light beam will be scattered as it passes through a colloid A light beam is invisible as it passes through a solution