Friday, January 10 th Bell Work: Please pick up a Document Analysis from the front table on your way to your seat and turn in your SFI List to the homework bin. Take the first 10 minutes of class to read the document and answer the accompanying 3 questions (on back).

Daily Agenda: Bell Work: Document Analysis Lecture: Early Americans and Exploration Primary Document: Examining Passenger Lists Essential Question: How did the diverse backgrounds of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans both enhance and limit the development of an American society? Homework: Read Chapter 2 and complete Guided Reading worksheet.

What is the most important thing to know about the pre-Columbian Native Americans? There were hundreds/thousands of different nations. Not United! How would that hurt them against European invaders? One group loosely united – Iroquois Confederation (loose union) of tribes – Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Tuscarora

Florida Tribes in 1492 South Florida – Calusa Middle/NE – Timucua Panhandle – Apalachee – Plus other smaller tribes If you were a Native America living in Citrus County 500 years ago, what area would be best to live? How would you live?

Europe in 1300s and 1400s Most modern nations were not yet developed. Many smaller kingdoms. But what was the one unifying source for Europe? Who was the unofficial leader of Europe? – How was this shown? Crusades

Out of the Dark Ages Marco Polo – how did his writings lead to exploration? – What was the big deal about spices? Renaissance – rebirth in learning Scientific Revolution – Compass, Astrolabe, Caravels (ships)

Death and Monarchs “Black Death” or Black Plague How would the immune system be of the survivors? How would this be different from the Native Americans? Smaller kingdoms combine to form larger nations Would be competing with each other. In 1500 the most powerful European countries were: Portu gal Spain Franc e Neth erlan ds Engla nd

The Drunk Priest strikes Martin Luther – 95 theses and split of church Reformation Protestant Churches – Christian, but not Roman Catholic or Greek Orthodox Many of the Protestants would have groups settle in the American colonies.

Hierarchy Social Hierarchy Within royal families – Primogeniture – Who got everything when dad died? – What did the other sons do? Daughters? – What if they explored new areas?

Reflection Questions What happened to make civilizations occur in the Americas? How is it that Native Americans did not all join together to fight the invading Europeans? How was slavery in Africa and how would it be different in the new world? How did events in Europe lead to exploration of the Americas?

Exploration Unit 1.2

Who came before Columbus? Besides the original Native Americans, one group from Europe - Vikings – Vineland, around 1000 A.D. Why does it not really matter compared to Columbus?

Portugal Prince Henry the Navigator – Started school, financed explorations Portugal would search for route to Asia around Africa Later Treaty of Tordesillas between Portugal and Spain. – Why would the Pope want this in 1494? – What was the problem with it?

1492 Who sailed the Ocean blue? 1492 and Columbus changes history. Columbian Exchange – New things in new places. – What are some new things to the New World? – What are some new things to the Old World? – What major agricultural products came to Florida that were not here before Columbus?

Spanish in the Americas Conquistadores and the three Gs - ____, ____, and ____ Cortes and the Aztecs Repeating theme for Native Americans: – What happened to them once they met Europeans? Encomienda System – demanded labor (feudal-like) – What was the problem with Native Americans for labor? – What was the solution?

Spanish in Florida (and Citrus Co.) Ponce de Leon – What happened on his 2 nd trip? – What is he truly looking for? – Pánfilo de Narváez – 1527 Hernando de Soto – 1539 St. Augustine (first city established in future US) Pensacola and missions – Why did the Spanish establish those towns in Florida?

Spanish in the Southwest Santa Fe established as capital of New Mexico in Harsh treatment of Native Americans led to Pueblo Rebellion – Led by Pope in 1680 California missions in response to Russian Alaska settlement

French in the Americas Would settle in future Canada, Great Lakes area, and Mississippi River valley. New France Explorers – Champlain, Jolliet, Marquette, La Salle What was their major source of income? How was their treatment of Native Americans different from other Europeans? Why?

The Dutch and Swedish Established trading posts called Patroons In New Netherlands – Now New York – New Amsterdam – NYC Many financial ideas start – Port Orange – Albany How was the treatment of Native Americans by the Dutch? Swedish settle in current N.J. area – Taken over by Dutch – Bring to America the log cabin

Early British Exploration Sir Francis Drake and raids on Spanish John Cabot and the search for the Northwest Passage Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 open door for English Roanoke – “The Lost Colony” – founded in 1587 – Virginia Dare – 1 st English child born in North America – What happened to it? Croatan

Jamestown Virginia Company / London Company – Joint-stock company – purpose is to make $$$ – What were they looking for? John Smith – Powhattan and his daughter (who is that?) Starving Time (1609/10) Saved (economically) by John Rolfe and his “brown gold” Virginia Company later bankrupted, Virginia became the 1 st royal colony.

Reflection Questions What long-term impacts did Spanish colonies have on what would be the United States? Why did the Spanish settle Florida and California? How was the treatment of Native Americans by different European Countries? Why did the English first come to North America? What is the real story behind the story of Pocahontas?

Settling the Colonies: Between , England’s population increased from 3 to 5 million. The colonies provided an outlet and an opportunity for people who needed jobs or who lost farmland in England. Many of these people became indentured servants but the number of indentured servants differed from colony to colony percent of the English men and women who came to Virginia/Chesapeake in the 1600s were servants. 35 percent of those who came to New England were servants. In 1634, the King of England told officials in London to record information on all the people sailing abroad. He didn’t want England to lose its wealthier subjects and he wanted to make sure that passengers were loyal to the King and Church of England. Today, we’re going to look at two passenger lists from ships headed to the colonies.

Discussion: What are the biggest differences between the two ships? What does this information tell you about the differences between New England and Virginia in the 1630s? What do you think will change once plantation owners in the Chesapeake area begin replacing indentured servants with African slaves? Imagine the setting: Officials are collecting this information as passengers board the ship? Is the setting noisy or orderly? Are officials guaranteed to get accurate information? How do you explain the fact that all the passengers swore allegiance to the Church of England (we know that many immigrants were religious dissenters, like the Puritans who were escaping because of religious persecution)? What more do you want to know about these passengers? What information is missing from these lists? How might you go about finding that information?

Homework: Read Chapter 2 and complete Guided Reading worksheet (due Monday)