Industrialization Unit - Urbanization Simulation You will receive 1 piece of paper to use for simulation. Follow instructions. Do not worry if you “mess up”. Do your best to follow instructions. Label at top: NB Assignment #1: Urbanization - From Village to City. You will use the front to draw and the back to write.

Round 1 Village Established Draw: 1 River across the paper (about inch wide and runs across the paper) 2 Bridges 4 Roads The 20 locations below along a the road: 15 houses 1 Church 1 Cemetery 2 Stores 1 Pub Select one house to be yours & label it.

Round 2 Enclosures The community land for farms in your town have been bought by a larger and wealthy landowner who has enclosed the areas to grow crops on a bigger scale. Draw: A broken-line circle (about size of your fist). Label this area “Enclosed Agricultural Land” Any houses or buildings located in this circle need to be relocated and nothing else may be drawn in this area.

Round 3 Agricultural Revolution There has been an “agricultural revolution” as a result of innovations such as crop rotation and selective breeding along with new farm machines such as the seed drill. Because of the resulting increases in food production from these innovations, less farmers are needed and more rural people relocate to your village. Now draw: 1 Road 10 Houses 1 Church 1 Pub 1 Bridge 1 Store

Round 4 Textile Revolution Factories come to your village and make it a town. In the mid 1750’s a number of machines are invented that greatly speed up the production of cloth (textiles). These technological developments revolutionize the spinning of cotton & wool and can spin/weave cloth 100 times faster than what had been done by hand. Some wealthy merchants (Capitalists) pool their money together to buy land and new textile machines in to build a factory in your village that is powered by a water wheel. Draw: 1 Factory (next to the river) 1 Capitalist’s Estate (where factory owner lives)

Round 5 Canal Revolution Workers are needed to work in the new factory. Since individual people cannot compete with the speed of the weaving machines and have lost their land to the enclosure movement, many of these unemployed come to your village to work for at the factory. Draw: 15 Houses1 Pub5 Apartments (Tenements) 1 Store1 Church1 Bridge Any necessary roads Also, a new development in transportation comes to your village. This innovation could transport 100 times what one horse could transport on the road. This innovation is the canal. Canals are man made rivers that significantly reduced the prices of transportation. Draw: 1 Canal (must run from river to edge of paper)

Prediction Totals so far Houses1 Capitalist’s Estate 4 Stores 5 Apartments4 Bridges3 Pubs 1 Factory 3 Churches1 Cemetery On the back of your paper: Write “Prediction” and briefly explain what you predict will happen to your village in the future. What might be good & bad about the future of your village?

Round 6 Factors of Production (Land, Labor & Capital) Come Together Since the profits from this textile factory are enormous, other capitalists start investing their money and new factories are built. These factory owners are called capitalists because they offered their money (Capital) to finance the buying of raw materials, machines, buildings (Land) and wages to pay the workers (Labor). Draw: 5 Factories (total of 6 factories so far)

Round 7 Village Becomes a Town Word has reached surrounding villages of the new sources of employment in your factory town. More and more people move to your town. Housing is in great demand and is constructed quickly with little direction. Draw quickly: 10 Houses 20 Apartments (Tenements)

Round 8 Social Impacts of Industrialization Women and children are encouraged to work in factories. Families need the extra money and factory owners like women & child workers because they are paid less. The average workday began at 6 am and ended at 7 pm with only a 30 minute break for lunch. Fewer children attend school since families need their wages to pay bills. After work, mainly male workers stop at pubs to relax, socialize and drink alcohol. Draw: 4 Pubs 1 School

Round 9 Transportation Revolution - Steam Engine & Railroads Inventor James Watt introduces the Steam Engine, which is a cheap and convenient source of power to run machines. The Steam Engine makes it possible for more factories that produce more goods and to transport those good more efficiently on newly developed railroads. The steam engine runs on coal which produces significant amounts of smoke. Draw: 3 Railroads 10 Factories, with smoke & not near river 3 Coal Mines (coal mines need to be connected to factories via canals or railroads; if a building is in the way, relocate it.)

Round 10 Town Becomes a City As wages are higher in towns than in rural areas, the population of workers in town keeps growing making them cities. Many of these newcomers work on the construction of the railroad lines, factories and coal mines. Factories provide money to workers and cheaper products for them to buy so new stores also open in the growing city. Draw: 5 Houses 10 Apartments (Tenements) 5 Stores 2 Cemeteries 5 Pubs 1 Church 3 Schools Due to the pressure of urban growth, eliminate one-half of the Enclosed Agricultural Land for new construction

Round 11 Urban Problems Develop About 50,000 people now reside in your city. Soon there is a surplus of workers. Capitalists, wanting to maximize their profits, hire children and women before men because they perform the same work for 1/2 to 1/4 the wage of men. Since the children find themselves doing factory work and coal mining schools lose enrollment. As a result of growing male unemployment, the crime rate begins to soar. Family life is disrupted and alcoholism reaches epidemic proportions. Erase: 1 School Draw: 4 Pubs & 2 Jails

Round 12 More Urban Problems Due to a lack of government regulation and an abundant source of desperate workers, the working conditions in factories become very dangerous. Many workers contract deadly lung disease or are injured in factories. Factory owners fire those who complain and replace those who are to sick/injured to work. Coal smoke and factory wastes not only sicken workers, but pollutes the cities air & water Draw: 2 Cemeteries 1 Hospitals Lightly shade in the entire sheet (including river)

Village to City: Urbanization Reflection Life is pretty bad now in your city. On Back, Label “Urbanization Reflection” and answer this question: What kind of responses do you think people might try to make to improve quality of life?