Chapter 20 – The Solar System

Facts and Pictures From

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From: clarkplanetarium.org

The Outer Planets  The four planets furthest from the sun are the outer planets.  They are... large. made of gases. made of mostly hydrogen and helium. have rings. thought to have partly solid cores. Intro- duction

The Outer Planets Image From: Jupiter

The Outer Planets  Most massive planet.  Similar to a star in its composition – hydrogen and helium.  Jupiter’s Atmosphere: atmosphere with colorful bands and thick clouds. great red spot is a large, ongoing storm many times larger than Earth. Jupiter Image From:

The Outer Planets  Jupiter’s Moons: Four very large moons. ○ Io – most volcanically active body in solar system and has tides in its solid matter because of Jupiter’s strong gravity ○ Europa – surface is mostly covered with water ○ Ganymede – largest moon in the solar system (larger than Mercury) and only one with its own magnetic field ○ Callistos – lots of craters Jupiter Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets Images From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Average Distance from the Sun:  Mass:  Volume:  Density:  Gravity: Image From: A.U. or 483,682,810 miles x Earth or 1.9 x kg 1316 x Earth or 3.4 x mi x Earth or 1.33 g/cm x Earth (If you weigh 100 lbs on Earth, then you would weigh 214 lbs on Jupiter.)

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Period of Rotation:  Period of Revolution:  Moons:  Temperature:  Average Orbit Speed: Image From: Earth Days 12 Earth Years °F 0.44 x Earth or 29,236 mph

Image From: Saturn The Outer Planets

 Second largest planet in solar system.  Thick atmosphere of hydrogen and helium with clouds and storms.  Planet with the smallest density – it is less dense than water. Saturn Image From:

The Outer Planets  Saturn’s rings: rings are wide and thin made of chunks of ice and rock that are as small as a grain of sand to as large as a house divided into regions that have dozens of smaller rings so thousands of rings in all each ring orbits at a different speed Saturn Image From:

The Outer Planets Images From:

The Outer Planets  Saturn’s Moons: two moons orbit in gaps between rings some moons interact with rings Titan – second-largest moon in solar system that has an early Earth type of atmosphere Saturn Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Average Distance from the Sun:  Mass:  Volume:  Density:  Gravity: Image From: A.U. or 885,904,700 miles 95.2 x Earth or 5.7 x kg x Earth or 8.3 x km x Earth or 0.7 g/cm x Earth (If you weigh 100 lbs on Earth, then you would weigh 106 lbs on Saturn.)

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Period of Rotation:  Period of Revolution:  Moons:  Temperature:  Average Orbit Speed: Image From: Earth Days 29 Earth Years °F 0.33 x Earth or 21,637 mph

Image From: Uranus The Outer Planets

 Atmosphere of mainly hydrogen and helium.  Looks bluish because of methane in its atmosphere.  Only planet with equator at almost a right angle to its orbit (looks like it is lying on its side). Uranus Image From:

The Outer Planets  Uranus’s Moons: named for characters in Shakespeare appear to be ½ ice and ½ rock Miranda – smallest and closest moon that has fault line that is 12 x deeper than the Grand Canyon some moons are very close together Uranus Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Average Distance from the Sun:  Mass:  Volume:  Density:  Gravity: Image From: A.U. or 1,783,939,400 miles 14.4 x Earth or 8.7 x kg 63.1 x Earth or 6.8 x km x Earth or 1.30 g/cm x Earth (If you weigh 100 lbs on Earth, then you would weigh 86 lbs on Uranus.)

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Period of Rotation:  Period of Revolution:  Moons:  Temperature:  Average Orbit Speed: Image From: Earth Days 84 Earth Years °F 0.3 x Earth or 15,290 mph

Image From: Neptune The Outer Planets

 Distance from sun makes it dark and cold.  Made of mostly hydrogen and helium.  Has not yet had a full rotation around the sun since its discovery in Neptune Image From:

The Outer Planets  Neptune’s Moons: Triton – ○ has ice volcanoes that spit out a mixture of liquid nitrogen, methane, and dust that instantly freezes and snows back onto the surface ○ one of the coldest objects in the solar system at -400ºF ○ only moon in solar system that orbits opposite to the planet’s rotation Neptune Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets Image From:

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Average Distance from the Sun:  Mass:  Volume:  Density:  Gravity: Image From: A.U. or 2,795,084,800 miles 17.1 x Earth or 1.03 x kg 57.7 x Earth or 6.3 x km x Earth or 1.76 g/cm x Earth (If you weigh 100 lbs on Earth, then you would weigh 110 lbs on Neptune.)

The Outer Planets PLANET FACTS  Period of Rotation:  Period of Revolution:  Moons:  Temperature:  Average Orbit Speed: Image From: Earth Days 165 Earth Years °F 0.49 x Earth or 12,253 mph