Peeking Under the Hood: The Energy Characteristics of California’s Commercial Building Sector Martha Brook, P.E. California Energy Commission

Presentation Overview Source & Description of Data Commercial Sector Energy & Peak Building Types End Uses HVAC Details Lighting Details

Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) Field Survey of 2790 CA Commercial Buildings –PG&E: 1001 premises –SMUD: 300 premises –SCE: 1144 premises –SDG&E: 345 premises 12 Building Types/Segments 13 End Uses (3 HVAC, 10 NonHVAC) 16 Title 24 Standards Climate Zones

CEUS Coverage by Utility Geography covered by CEUS

CEUS Coverage by Climate Zone

CEUS Building Types Small Office (<30,000 ft2) Large Office (>=30,000 ft2) Restaurant Retail Food/Liquor Unrefrigerated Warehouse Refrigerated Warehouse School College Health Care Hotel/Motel Miscellaneous

CEUS End Uses 3 HVAC End Uses  Space Heating  Space Cooling  Ventilation 10 Non-HVAC End Uses  Water Heating  Cooking  Refrigeration  Interior Lighting  Exterior Lighting  Office Equipment  Miscellaneous Equipment  Air Compressors  Motors (non-HVAC)  Process Equipment

Commercial Sector Site Energy Use Ktherms by Month

Commercial Sector Source Energy Use Ktherms by Month

Commercial Sector Electricity Use GWh by Month

Commercial Sector Peak Demand GW by Month (8) 500MW Power Plants

Commercial Sector Peak Demand kW on Hot Summer Day

Site Energy Use by Building Type Total = 3,567 Mtherms

Energy Intensity by Building Type therms/ft 2

Site Energy Use by End Use Total = 3,567 Mtherms

“Miscellaneous” Buildings each

Energy Intensity by End Use kBtu/ft 2

HVAC Types - % of Total Floor Space

Single Zone Equipment Types

Multi Zone Equipment Types

HVAC Cooling Types Single Zone Multi Zone % of All Systems

Average Tonnage of DX Single Zone 5

Average Tonnage of DX Multi Zone

Average Tonnage by Chiller Type

Lighting Types - % of Total Wattage 8 ft. Fixture 4 ft. Fixture

Lighting by Building Type % of Total Wattage

CFL & Incandescent Bulbs % of Total Wattage

More on CEUS… Special thanks to Special thanks to Bob Ramirez Downloadable CEUS data summaries: California Energy Commission’s CEUS report: gov/ceus/index.html