The Worlds Largest Animals Created by Phyllis Butler

5/14/20152 Marine Mammals Cetaceans Introduction Toothed Whales Toothed Whales Baleen Whales Baleen Whales Dolphins Porpoises Endangered EndangeredEndangered SireniaManateeDugong Steller’s Sea Cow Steller’s Sea Cow Pinnipeds True Seals Fur Seals Sea Lions Walrus Mustelidae Sea Otters River Otters Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Polar Bears Back to Beginning Back to Beginning Introduction

Marine Mammals Introduction

5/14/20154 More Marine Mammals Sea Lion Gray whale SealSea otterFur seal Manatee

The Worlds Largest Animals

5/14/20156 Whales, dolphins, porpoises 1.Front flippers, the tail is called a fluke 2.Streamlined for swimming 3.Blubber layer for insulation and buoyancy 4.Breathe through blowhole Nostril (1 or 2) 90 % efficiency 90 % efficiency 5.Voluntary breathing to control diving 6.Reduced body hair to move quickly 7.Hearing is the best sense 8.Young are born able to swim. Nursed with milk 40 % fatcetaceans

5/14/20157 Fig. 9.15

5/14/ Baleen plates attached to upper jaws Made of keratin. Squeezes water through baleen and lick off food (plankton especially krill). 2. Two blowholes 3. Sound used to communicate 4. Less social than toothed whales 5.Shallow divers food near surface 6. Females larger than males Includes largest animal ever on earth Blue whale – To 33.5 m long, 100+ tons ) Bowhead MYSTICETI Baleen Whales 10 species

5/14/20159Whales FLUKE is the tail

5/14/201510WhalesBALEEN Is like a broom instead of teeth.

5/14/201511Whales Whale Spout is warm air from exhaling.

5/14/201512Whales Beautiful BALEEN

5/14/ Fig. 9.18

5/14/201514Whales GRAY WHALE

5/14/ Slurpers Feeding style Gray whales are found on the Pacific coast. They vacuum food from the ocean floor. They are called “Slurpers”.

5/14/ Gulpers Feeding style Finback whale Small dorsal fin protrudes from their back. They feed like drinking a soda as “Gulpers”

5/14/ Skimmers Feeding style Example right whale Named because they were the right whale to kill They are slow moving, friendly and they float after they are killed. Feeding style is slow open mouth approach as “ Skimmers ”.

5/14/201518Whales Whale Lice

5/14/201519spyhoppingSPYHOPPING

5/14/201520runningHUMPBACK Running which means swimming

5/14/ Flipper slapping Flipper Slapping

5/14/201522breachingBreaching Jumping out of the water

5/14/ Bubble netting FEEDING Bubble Netting is forming a circle and using bubbles as a barrier.

5/14/201524lobtailingLOBTAILING Pounding fluke for communication parasite removal or just Fun!

5/14/ Throat grooves Blue Whale Distinct Throat Grooves to open mouth wider

5/14/201526WhalesMinke is a smaller Baleen whale.

5/14/ Pilot wales Pilot whales Toothed whale Strand more than any other whales

5/14/ BLUE WHALES There are blue whales in the Gulf of St. Laurence. They can eat one ton of krill which is one inch long.

5/14/ Blue Whales

5/14/ Marine Mammals ODONTOCETI TOOTHED WHALES

5/14/ ODONTOCETES toothed whales 1.Have teeth to capture prey. 2.One blowhole. 3.Echolocation to locate prey (sonar) 4.Very social and gregarious. 5.There are 66 species

5/14/201532Whales Sperm Whale Showing FLUKE or tail fin

5/14/ D.CONSERVATION Whales hunted extensively for centuries Aboriginal whaling (Eskimos) Non-aboriginal whaling Began off New England by late 1600s 1860s – Explosive harpoon introduced Early 1900s –Antarctic whales hunted 1946 – IWC founded 1972 – US Marine Mammal Protection Act 1985 – IWC moratorium on commercial whaling Norway, Japan, Iceland still practice whaling IWC allows aboriginal whaling

5/14/201534Whales Killer Whale

5/14/ Orca keiko Orca

5/14/ Toothed Whales ORCA Spy hopping

5/14/ Odontoceti Whales BELUGA

5/14/ Odontoceti Whales Beluga Known as Sea canaries because they talk “happy talk”.

5/14/201539

5/14/201540Cetaceans Between 1895 & 1975 overharvest drove 8 of 11 major whale populations to commercial extinction;Between 1895 & 1975 overharvest drove 8 of 11 major whale populations to commercial extinction;

Dolphins are Mammals

5/14/ Dolphin vs Porpoise

5/14/ DOLPHINS vs PORPOISEs DOLPHINPORPOISE Beak nose (pointed)Blunt head Cone teethFlat teeth Falcate dorsal finTriangular dorsal fin 11 ft long5 ft long ShyActive,curious, playful

5/14/ Dolphin facts Dolphins probably rank among the most intelligent marine mammals. The bottlenose dolphin gets its name from its bottle-shaped snout.

5/14/ Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

5/14/201546Diet Eat fish, squid, and eels Eat lbs. of fish a day Swallow prey whole

5/14/ How Does Echolocation Work? Dolphins use echolocation to find there prey and predators Echolocation is a series of clicks and raspy sounds that send a signal back to the dolphin

5/14/ Believe It Or Not Believe it or not Dolphins do not fear sharks. Some dolphins are even stronger than sharks. Every year many dolphins are killed due to unsafe fishing nets or polluted water! They are not endangered but they vulnerable.

Cetaceans

5/14/ Porpoise are small whales Harbor porpoise is the most common porpoise which inhabits the cold waters of the northern hemisphere. Unlike dolphins, these porpoises are rarely seen in the open ocean.

5/14/ Harbour porpoise Harbour porpoises are deep divers, capable of reaching depths in excess of 800 ft.

5/14/ Dall’s porpoise Rooster Tail

5/14/ Dangerous By catch 6, 215 marine mammals die annually in the U.S. 84% of Cetacean mortality due to by catch which occurs in gillnets. Gillnets are responsible for 98% of Pinniped by catch.

5/14/ Dangerous Gillnets Designed to trap fish by the gills Drift gillnets hang below the surface Bottom set gillnets are anchored in position along the bottom

Local cetaceans Off our beach you can see Bottle nose dolphins Porpoise Humpback whales Fin whales 5/14/201555

5/14/ SURVIVAL Threats By-catchPollution –Organic compounds and metals –Marine debris Habitat Destruction Vessels –Noise –Collisions IWC Scientific Committee’s whale watching guidelines Die-offs?

5/14/ Whaling Regulation: Very Brief History 1931 Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (CRW) 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling 1946 ICRW (15 Nations) 1956 Protocol –Extends Convention to hunting by helicopters and other aircraft 1982 Moratorium on Commercial Whaling –Effective 1985/1986

5/14/ Cetaceans By Phyllis Butler for Kellam High School