Phylum Echinodermata Spiny Skinned animals

GENERAL INFORMATION Echinoderms– echin (spiny) and derma (skin)

Symmetry Secondary Pentaradial Symmetry– the larvae are bilateral and the adults are radial

Videos: starfish eating edhttp:// ed starfish brittle star moving

Water Vascular System Tube feet: used for feeding, moving, breathing, and even reproduction are extended by taking in water The white parts are where the tube feet were in this sea urchin pKVtuUhttp:// pKVtuU tube feet O4http:// O4 tube feet sea urchin

Body Development Bilateral larvae Pentaradial adult.

Germ Layers Triploblastic and deuterostome

5 Classes of Echindermata 1.Class Asteroidia: Sea stars or Starfishes 2.Class Opthiuroidea: Brittle and Basket stars 3.Class Echinoidea: Urchins and Sand Dollar, 4.Class Crinoidea: Sea lillies and feather stars 5. Class Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers,

Asteroidea (Sea Stars) Mostly eat clams and oysters or other animal that is too slow to defend itself It slowly pries open its prey in order to eat it, sending out its stomach to consume the body of the shellfish They have two stomachs—one is used to eat and the other is used for digestion Unlike the brittle star, sea stars’ organs enter their arms. They can break off their arms and the arms can regenerate

Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumber) Sea cucumbers are scavengers, looking for food at the bottom of the ocean They usually live in tropical reefs If it is threatened, it will stiffen and a jet of water will shoot out of one end If they feel threatened, they can also throw out their internal organs (evisceration) to distract predators, then grow new internal organs Delicacy to eat in some countries They use their tube feet to move very slowly

sea cucumber evisceration CxKFc3XtJs&NR=1 CxKFc3XtJs&NR=1 Sea cucumber lifestyle LBOkYLLeIhttp:// LBOkYLLeI

Echinoidea (Sea Urchin and Sand Dollars) The pores in a sand dollar allow water to enter its Water vascular system, allowing it to move Sand dollars become bleached and loose their spines when left out in the sun on the beach, so the ones in the store are very different from live ones Sea urchins have teeth made of calcium carbonate, and the entire chewing organ is called Aristotle's Lantern Sea urchins mainly eat algae, but can also eat other invertebrates like mussels, sponges, and brittle stars /watch?v=SRAfjvws13E /watch?v=SRAfjvws13E sand dollar moving

Crinoidea: feather star/sea lillies Filter feeders – tube feet move particles down the ambulacral groove h?v=s-vF79ykbkYhttp:// h?v=s-vF79ykbkY feather stars OyM4z8BDwMhttp:// OyM4z8BDwM ROV looking at sea lillies

Sea lilies were once thought to be planted in the ground but researchers found out that they actually can crawl from danger at 5 cm/s. They use their leg-like “petals” to crawl along the ocean floor. They use a lizard-like technique and leave their roots behind when escaping predators. Feather Star Sea Lily

Ophiuroidea Calcium Carbonate skeleton Long and nearly solid rays which move like snakes Arms can regenerate Carnivores, filter feeders, and scavengers Coelem is smaller than other echinoderms No eyes

Chordata Notochord- a stiff rod that helps support the dorsal nerve cord which becomes backbone in vertebrates Pharyngeal Slits- an opening from the neck to the throat that helps separate food from water Dorsal Nerve Chord- lateral muscles/organs gets messages from the brain and becomes spinal cord in humans Post-anal Tail- helps organism swim, tail goes past the anus

Three subphyla Urochordata: tunicate/sea squirt Cephalocordata; lancet Vertebrata: backbone from notochord 7 classes

Urochordata: link to the vertebrates =90AAN2PWAtk&feature=PlayL ist&p=5DB348EB6FF26C23&pla ynext=1&indexhttp:// =90AAN2PWAtk&feature=PlayL ist&p=5DB348EB6FF26C23&pla ynext=1&index =71kQWVuuQCs=10 sea squirthttp:// =71kQWVuuQCs=10 Tunicate larvae

Vertebrate classes Agnatha (jawless fish): lamprey/hagfish Chondrichthyes (cartilage fish): sharks, skates, and rays Osteichthyes (bony fish): sea horse, eel, trout, salmon, angler, clown fish, tuna, anchovy etc..

Vertebrata continued Amphibia: frogs, toads, salamanders Reptilia: turtles, snakes, lizards Aves (birds): ostrich, penguin, gull, robin Mammalia: whales, platypus, kangaroo, humans