Lesson 3 Measuring Engine Components and Specifications

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed! CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9 ‐ 10.1 Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9 ‐ 10.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text. CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11 ‐ 12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.11 ‐ 12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text. HSNQ.A.3 Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. (HS ‐ PS1 ‐ 2),(HSPS1 ‐ 4),(HS ‐ PS1 ‐ 5),(HS ‐ PS1 ‐ 7) HSSIC.B.6 Evaluate reports based on data. (HS ‐ LS2 ‐ 6)

Bell Work / Student Learning Objectives Identify measuring and testing equipment for internal combustion engines. Identify the specifications of an internal combustion engine. Explain four major specifications to be checked on small engines.

Terms Compression gage Dial indicator Flat feeler gage Inside micrometer set Micrometer caliper Plastigage Round-wire gage Tachometers Telescoping gage Torque wrench

Interest Approach How are internal combustion engine specifications determined?

Tools used in measuring engine components Inside micrometer – determines the inside of a cylinder Micrometer caliper – precision measuring tool for taking outside measurements. Flat feeler gage – recognizes the spacing between two surfaces Dial indicator – recognizes the spacing between two surfaces and records readings of the dial needle

Engine Tools (continued) Round-wire gage – used in measuring the electrode gap of spark plugs Plastigage – a thin, plastic, threadlike material used to measure the clearance between the bearing journal on a crankshaft and the bearing rod cap

Engine Tools (continued ) Compression gage – helps in determining if there is a problem with the cylinder or piston rings. Compression gauge It measures compression pressure inside the cylinder in pounds per square foot. Torque wrench –a wrench designed to measure turning force (torque) placed on fittings.

Engine Tools (continued) Telescoping gage – a tool used for measuring inside diameter Tachometers – used for reading revolutions per minute

Telescoping Gage

Specifications of an internal combustion engine Charts detail the exact specification to increase performance and prolong life Related to engine size and work requirements Clearances of the intake and exhaust valves

Four major specifications on small engines Fuel Oxygen Compression Ignition

Fuel Use the fuel recommended by the manufacturer Guidelines for older engines with carburetor adjustments: Turning valve clockwise creates leaner fuel mixture Turning valve counter clockwise creates richer fuel mixture

Oxygen Engines need to take in clean air in order for combustion to occur. Air filters should be routinely checked and cleaned

Compression Not having compression indicates a serious problem in the engine Quick test method with a small engine: pull the starter rope. If there is no resistance against the starter rope, the engine lacks compression

Ignition Routinely check spark plugs Clean the electrodes with a wire brush If reinstalling spark plugs, the plug gap should be adjusted properly

Review/Summary What are some of the instruments used for measuring internal combustion engines? What are the specifications of an internal combustion engine? What are four major specifications that are commonly checked on small engines?

The End!