Ecological Relationships How do biotic factors influence each other?

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Presentation transcript:

Ecological Relationships How do biotic factors influence each other?

Ecological Relationships Biodiversity = the number of species in an ecosystem Importance: increases opportunity for natural selection without extinction Territory = space claimed by an individual organism Geographical Range = total area available to a species for its habitat Ecological Equilibrium = state of “balance” in an ecosystem

Ecological Relationships SPECIES – Organisms so close genetically, they can breed & get fertile offspring NICHE - Role of organism in the ecosystem (job) –Competitive Exclusion: Only 1 species can occupy a whole niche in an ecosystem at a time NICHE DIVERSITY – Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors A niche is the sum of all activities and relationships a species has while obtaining and using resources needed to survive and reproduce Abiotic = non-living

Competition : When species or individuals “fight” for the same resources. –E.g., Food, shelter…. COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION – Extinction of a species due to direct competition. KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES - A predator that causes a large increase in diversity of its habitat. The “fight” may be indirect … individuals may never directly contact each other. Two species with similar needs for same limited resources cannot coexist. Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many ecological relationships.

Herbivory : A primary consumer feeds on a producer. A fruit bat eating a papaya s/cr15169/cr jpg A woodchuck eating wild clover

Predation : A consumer feeds on another consumer. A lion eating zebra. An eagle eating halibut. content/uploads/2007/06/close-up-bald-eagle-eating.jpg

Symbiosis : A long-term relationship where two species live closely together and at least one benefits directly from the relationship.

Mutualism : Both organisms benefit from the relationship. Win-Win situation!

Commensalism One organism benefits, the other one is unaffected. Win-Neutral relationship

Parasitism One organism benefits, the other one is harmed! Win-Lose relationship Parasites rarely kill their hosts…it would require them to get another one!

Ecological Relationships Biological Magnification — Increasing concentration of poisons in organisms in higher trophic levels in a food chain or web.

Biological Magnification- accumulation of increasing amounts of toxin within tissues of organisms. Video on Biological Magnification