A Spanish Empire  A colony is an area settled by immigrants who are ruled by the parent country  Spain was the first country to colonize America  They colonize much of the Caribbean, South America, Central America, parts of North America including Florida

France  France colonizes the interior of North America  Fur Trade

The English  Spain was not the only country to explore new land  Great Britain was looking to emerge as a great world power and wanted to expand  One of the first British Colonies was Roanoke Island  It was established in the late 1580s

Roanoke  In ships from Britain arrived at Roanoke to resupply the colony  However, John White and his men found it abandoned  All that remained were some abandoned homes and two tree with carvings in them  One said “CRO”  The other said CROATOAN  It is now known the nearby by Natives were called the Croatoan

English Aggression  Queen Elizabeth hired privateers to raid Spanish ships  Privateers are privately owned ships hired by a government to attack other ships  Sir Francis Drake is one of the most famous  He raided Spanish gold in Florida  He was the first English sailor to sail around the world

Jamestown  In 1606 the British tried to colonize after the Roanoke disaster  Business men asked for a charter from the king  They began a colony company called the Virginia Company  In colonists were sent near the James River in Virginia  The settlement was called Jamestown after King James I

Jamestown  Native Americans attacked the settlement  An English cannon helped stop the attack  The Powhatan Indians dominated the area  The English paid tribute to Chief Powhatan  Many of the colonists were not fit to survive they were gold smiths and aristocrats  John Smith the colony leader said “he that will not work will not eat”

Jamestown  Many colonists dies because of lack of food, wars with Indians, and malaria  War was fought with Algonquin tribe led by Powhatan

Jamestown  In 1624 Jamestown became a royal colony with a governor appointed by the king  Virginia also had a legislature  It was called the House of Burgesses

Jamestown  Settlers in America began to grow Tobacco  They establish plantations near rivers  Growing Tobacco was labor intensive and more people moved to the Americas  They were each promised 50 acres of land  This became known as the headright system

Jamestown  Many farmers lost their land in England because landowners made more money using the land for livestock  Many people who could not afford the trip to America became indentured servants  They would work for 7 years for a master to pay off the voyage cost  They would be given freedom and usually their own land

Jamestown  The English did not want coexist with the Natives the way the Spanish did  In 1622 the Chief Powhatan Indians attacked Jamestown with the intensions of killing all of the English  They failed but 350 colonists were killed  The settlers retaliated  They would live with uneasy tensions for a long period

Bacon’s Rebellion  As more English arrived population grew  Many people looked west for new land to farm  This caused clashes between settlers and the natives  Virginia’s royal governor William Berkeley refused to raise an army to defend against the Natives

Bacon’s Rebellion  Nathaniel Bacon a member of the governors council decided to raise an army to defend the frontiersmen  In 1676 he raised an army  The governor was not happy with Bacon’s actions and declared him a rebel  Bacon said the governor was not protecting the frontiersmen  Bacon had his army burn down Jamestown

Bacon’s Rebellion  Bacon controlled most of Virginia after this but he died of illness suddenly and so did his rebellion  It showed that frontiersmen were tired of the English governing them  It also showed that the poor would not tolerate the government

New England  England colonized the area that is now Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine  In 1534 Henry VIII created the Anglican Church of England  Some believed it was too Catholic and not pure enough  These people were called puritans

Religious Freedom  The puritans were persecuted for their beliefs in England  A group of Puritans left for America in 1620  They are known as the pilgrims  100 pilgrims left on the Mayflower  They agreed to the Mayflower Compact in which they agreed to obey the governments law  They created their own law

Pilgrims  They landed at a place they called Plymouth in Massachusetts  Half died in the first winter  Squanto taught them to farm  The first Thanksgiving was held in 1621

Massachusetts Bay Colony  Between 1630 and 1640 thousands of people left England for America in the Great Migration  Most were puritans who did not believe in religious tolerance  People in the Massachusetts Bay Colony had to be Puritan

Puritan Life  Lived in religious communities  They convinced about 1,000 Natives to become Puritan  They lived in praying towns

The Salem Witch Trials  In1692 young girls in Salem Mass. Claimed the devil had taken control of them and accused 3 townspeople of being witches  20 people men and women were accused and hanged for being a witch  Some scientists believe the girls may have been effected by ergot poisoning

The Pequot War  In 1637 the Mass. Bay Colony sent an army to attack the Pequot after several violent eruptions  The Puritans burned down the Pequot’s fort killing 500  Only a handful of Pequot survived

King Philip’s War  Tensions rose between the Wampanoag and the settlers of Swansea, in Plymouth Colony  June 24, 1675 a farmer shot a Wampanoag who was killing cows in a pasture  One of the Native leaders who would unite tribes up and down the north east was named Metacom  He was known to the English as King Philip

King Philip’s War  During King Philip’s War 20 towns were attacked and 2,000 settlers were killed  The settlers struck back killing 4,000 Natives  The English had an advantage because they shared a language  Metacom had trouble communicating between different tribes

King Philip’s War  Metacom was eventually found and killed in Rhode Island  The war continued for a year  It hurt the colonists economy  Native American life in southern New England virtually disappeared

The Middle Colonies  New York  New Jersey  Pennsylvania  Delaware

New York  New York was founded by the Dutch and called the New Netherlands  They established the Dutch West India Company and a trading post called New Amsterdam (Manhattan)  The Dutch were interested in fur trade

New Amsterdam  Became a major trade port for many nations  18 different languages were spoken  It had the first synagogue in North America  The English were envious and King Charles II declared that all Dutch territory now belonged to the Duke of York  England sent 4 ships and several hundred soldiers to New Amsterdam  The Dutch gave it up without a fight

New York and New Jersey  New Jersey Pennsylvania, & Maryland  In 1655 it was taken over by the Dutch  New York is named in 1664  New Jersey is settled in 1664  Puritans and Scots in the East  English and Quakers settled the west

Pennsylvania  Founded by William Penn  Quaker Religion  Sought “inner light”  No clergy  Men and women spiritually equal