The Pope and the Papacy

The Pope, Also Known As… Leader of the Roman Catholic Church Leader of the Roman Catholic Church 1 billion baptized members as of billion baptized members as of 2001 Head of State of Vatican City Head of State of Vatican City Papa Papa Vicar of Christ Vicar of Christ Holy Father Holy Father Bishop of Rome Bishop of Rome His Holiness (reference) His Holiness (reference) Your Holiness (spoken) Your Holiness (spoken) Servant of the Servant of God Servant of the Servant of God Supreme Pontiff Supreme Pontiff

History Jesus selected Simon Peter to lead the Church Jesus selected Simon Peter to lead the Church “And so I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven." (Matthew 16: 18-19) Petrine guarantee Petrine guarantee Inscribed in Latin around the dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral Inscribed in Latin around the dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral

History continued Peter as the shepherd: John 21: Peter as the shepherd: John 21: Peter was killed by Emperor Nero Peter was killed by Emperor Nero Martyr Martyr Buried on Vatican Hill, location of St. Peter’s Cathedral Buried on Vatican Hill, location of St. Peter’s Cathedral Never named the bishop of Rome or the pope Never named the bishop of Rome or the pope

The Pope Successor of St. Peter Successor of St. Peter Reigns until death or retirement Reigns until death or retirement Last resignation in 1409, Pope Gregory XII Last resignation in 1409, Pope Gregory XII Papal Infallibility Papal Infallibility The pope can not make mistakes when it comes to faith and morality The pope can not make mistakes when it comes to faith and morality Comes from God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit Comes from God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit Responsibilities Responsibilities Supreme teacher and leader Supreme teacher and leader Bishop of Rome Bishop of Rome Priest Priest Beatifications and canonizations Beatifications and canonizations Appoints bishops and cardinals Appoints bishops and cardinals Writes official documents Writes official documents Vatican Head of State Vatican Head of State Spread the Word of God and the Kingdom of God Spread the Word of God and the Kingdom of God

The Death of a Pope Cardinal Carmerlengo, the Vatican’s Secretary of State, assumes power Cardinal Carmerlengo, the Vatican’s Secretary of State, assumes power Calls the pope’s name three times without response Calls the pope’s name three times without response Authorizes the death certificate Authorizes the death certificate Closes and locks the pope’s private apartment in the Vatican Closes and locks the pope’s private apartment in the Vatican Removes the Ring of the Fisherman Removes the Ring of the Fisherman Organizes and presides over the papal enclave Organizes and presides over the papal enclave

The Death of a Pope, continued The papal ring (Fisherman’s ring) is destroyed The papal ring (Fisherman’s ring) is destroyed The pope’s body lies in repose for nine days The pope’s body lies in repose for nine days Cardinals perform the funeral rites Cardinals perform the funeral rites The pope’s body in placed in a coffin that is placed in another coffin and in another coffin The pope’s body in placed in a coffin that is placed in another coffin and in another coffin Cypress, elm or oak, and lead Cypress, elm or oak, and lead Buried in the tombs under St. Peter’s Basilica Buried in the tombs under St. Peter’s Basilica

The Election of a New Pope Death or resignation Death or resignation College of Cardinals College of Cardinals Maximum of 120 electors Maximum of 120 electors Can not be over the age of 80 at the time of the death or resignation Can not be over the age of 80 at the time of the death or resignation Papal Conclave Papal Conclave Conclave: Latin, cum clavis, means “with key” Conclave: Latin, cum clavis, means “with key” Sequestered Sequestered Sistine Chapel in the Apostolic Palace Sistine Chapel in the Apostolic Palace Stay in St. Martha’s House at the Vatican Stay in St. Martha’s House at the Vatican Begins between 15 and 20 days after the death or resignation Begins between 15 and 20 days after the death or resignation

The Election continued Two votes in the morning, two votes in the afternoon Two votes in the morning, two votes in the afternoon Eligo in Summum Pontificem, “I elect as supreme pontiff” Eligo in Summum Pontificem, “I elect as supreme pontiff” Three scrutineers count the ballots Three scrutineers count the ballots 2/3 majority vote 2/3 majority vote Can be a regular majority vote after 12/13 days Can be a regular majority vote after 12/13 days Votes and notes are burned Votes and notes are burned With a chemical - black smoke, fumata nera – no pope With a chemical - black smoke, fumata nera – no pope White smoke, fumata bianca – a pope has been elected White smoke, fumata bianca – a pope has been elected

The New Pope Is asked by the Cardinal Dean: Is asked by the Cardinal Dean: Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff? Do you accept your canonical election as Supreme Pontiff? If he says yes, he is certified and immediately becomes the Bishop of Rome If he says yes, he is certified and immediately becomes the Bishop of Rome By what name do you wish to be called? By what name do you wish to be called? Dates back to 533 with the election of Mercurius Dates back to 533 with the election of Mercurius Chose to change his name from a variation of the Roman god, Mercury, to honor a previous pope, Pope John II Chose to change his name from a variation of the Roman god, Mercury, to honor a previous pope, Pope John II Symbolizes new life Symbolizes new life Honors a Saint or previous pope Honors a Saint or previous pope

Door of Tears – dressing room Door of Tears – dressing room Given white papal vestments – small, medium, large Given white papal vestments – small, medium, large Announcement by senior cardinal on the balcony over St. Peter’s Square Announcement by senior cardinal on the balcony over St. Peter’s Square Habemus Papam! We have a pope! Habemus Papam! We have a pope! Announces his Christian name and Papal name Announces his Christian name and Papal name The new pope addresses the world and gives an Apostolic Blessing from the balcony The new pope addresses the world and gives an Apostolic Blessing from the balcony

Facts 266 popes 266 popes Current: Benedict XVI, 2005 Current: Benedict XVI, popes have been canonized 59 popes have been canonized Longest reign: Pius IX (31 years, 7 months, 23 days) Longest reign: Pius IX (31 years, 7 months, 23 days) Shortest reign: Urban VII (13 days) Shortest reign: Urban VII (13 days) Youngest popes: Pope Benedict IX (between ages 11 and 20), Pope John XII (age 18) Youngest popes: Pope Benedict IX (between ages 11 and 20), Pope John XII (age 18) Oldest pope elected: Pope Clement X (1670), 79 years and 290 days Oldest pope elected: Pope Clement X (1670), 79 years and 290 days Oldest pope at death: Pope Leo XIII (1878), 93 years, 140 days Oldest pope at death: Pope Leo XIII (1878), 93 years, 140 days 217 popes from Italy 217 popes from Italy