The Later Middle Ages Popes and King Chapter 18-1 The Later Middle Ages Popes and King

Put these in the Correct Order True of False: Choose the letters of the True Statements In England and France, kings were elected to their thrones In England and France, kings inherited their thrones from their fathers People who committed minor offences could be excommunicated. People who committed serious offenses could be excommunicated. Popes and kings had the most power in the later Middle Ages Nobles and knights had the most power in the later Middle Ages. Invaders attack much of Europe Towns and trade grow Charlemagne creates a huge Christian Empire Missionaries spread Christianity to Europe Feudalism develops in Europe

Chapter 18-1 Guided Questions Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate? Why did some popes eventually begin to live like royalty? How did becoming king in England and France differ from how it was done in the Holy Roman Empire? In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope’s authority? Why did Pope Leo IX believe that all church officials should answer to him? What might have happened if Leo IX had not excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople? What compromise solved the conflict over who had the right to choose bishops? Why do you think a king would want to select bishops himself?

Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages. The Big Idea Popes and kings dominated European society in the Middle Ages. Main Ideas Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders. Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church. Kings and popes clashed over some issues.

Main Idea 1: Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders. In the early Middle Ages, nobles and knights held power. However, as time passed, power shifted to popes and kings.

The Power of the Popes The pope was the head of the Christian church in western Europe. The pope had great power because so many people belonged to the church. People saw the pope as God’s representative on Earth. The pope could cast from the church, or excommunicate, his enemies. Popes had great political and spiritual power.

The Power of the Kings Europe had been divided into many small states. In three countries, England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire, kings were the rulers. Kings inherited their titles from their fathers. Kings kept order through alliances and warfare. The leader of the Roman Empire was approved by the pope, so the region was also known as the Holy Roman Empire.

Main Idea 2: Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church. Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, eastern European people disagreed.

Pope Leo Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the whole Christian church. The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn’t recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him. This decision created a permanent split in the church. The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop. The rest of the church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most powerful figures in western Europe.

Main Idea 3: Kings and popes clashed over some issues. As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

Power Struggle Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome. The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV. Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed; however, the pope excommunicated Henry. Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into the church. This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time.

Info to Know The Great Schism of 1054 was the split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches. In 1054, relations between the Greek speaking Eastern of the Byzantine empire and the Latin speaking Western traditions within the Christian Church reached a terminal crisis. This crisis led to the separation between the Eastern and Western churches and is referred to as the Great Schism of 1054. The Christian Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographic lines. The split, the Great Schism of 1054, led to the development of the modern Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

Info to Know A person who was excommunicated was denied the sacraments of the church, including mass and confession. Because rulers were believed to rule by the authority of God, an excommunicated king or emperor had no right to rule.

Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment What is gossip? What is catchy?

Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment You will pose as the “People of Western Europe” or the “People of Eastern Europe.” Choose to write a column about the “Great Schism of 1054” with Pope Leo IX or “The Clash of 1073” with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV. Columns must explain the controversy completely and must include some opinionated views from the writer. Can include slang such as lol, Omg, like, really, epic fail, rotfl, etc; but you may find another way to make sarcasm or opinions visible in your writing. Column must include a catchy title