 100 Years War and Black Death  Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church  The Corruption within the Catholic Church

 Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic  The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

 In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions  The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

 Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

 Lived from in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

 He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

 A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

 Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs  Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany  Gained support from people and criticism from Church

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

 The Diet of Worms  1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

 He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

 Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

 Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

 Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

 Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

 Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

King Henry VIII! Reformation also takes place in England!! 1.HOWEVER, this change was because of politics, NOT religion… 2. King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, a very Catholic Princess from Spain named Katherine of Aragon – Her mom and dad were Isabella and Ferdinand – leaders of the Spanish Inquisition.

3. Henry had the hots for one of her ladies in waiting, Anne Boleyn – who was much younger than his wife – PLUS, Anne could give him a son, since his wife had only given him a daughter.. 4. Henry asks the Pope to grant him a divorce – of course the Pope said NO. – He wanted the Pope to annul his marriage to Katherine – to declare it invalid – Pope said NO.

Sooo, what should Henry do? He then asks the Archbishop of Canterbury to help – he DOES declare the marriage Null and Void -, Henry marries Anne Boylen – 3 months later a child was born - …but it was a girl – who would grow up to be Queen Elizabeth I!

5. By Henry’s request, his Parliament breaks with the Catholic churcy and with the Pope in Rome. 6. HENRY – NOT the Pope was head of the new Religion called the Church of England -

What does that mean? The KING is now in control of clerical appointments..people who opposed it were beheaded. Used his powers to dissolve the monasteries and sell their land to other landowners and merchants. – His treasure grew very rich from burning and looting the Catholic Church.

HOWEVER.. When his daughter from his first marriage comes to the thrown (Mary) – she brings catholocism BACK TO England and decides to burn all heretics at the stake – she received the nickname “Bloody Mary”

Lets Review sections 3 and 4 1.Who was the first person to want change but DIDN’T want to break from the Catholic Church? 2.What is Christian humanism? 3.What is salvation? 4.What is an indulgence?

5. Why was Martin Luther? What did he want to do ? 6. Who was John Calvin? 7. What does “Predestination” mean?