OR, HEY, YOU MEAN EVERYBODY’S NOT CATHOLIC?! Chapter 7 The Vanishing Dream of Catholic Christendom

Vocabulary you should know 1. “High Middle Ages” 2. Christendom 3. Interdict 4. Koran – Quran 5. Cruzada 6. Jihad 7. Albigensians 8. Mendicant 9. Friars 10. Papal Bull 11. “Babylonian Captivity” – 1350 (more later) 2. Church dominates all culture 3. Punishment (excommunication, forbidden sacraments etc.) until reconciliation 4. Muslim Holy Book 5. Spanish for Crusade 6. Arabic for Holy War 7. More later 8. More later 9. More later 10. An official document sealed with red wax seal 11. More later

People You Should Know Pope Innocent III  Spread the idea of universal Christendom  Strong political ruler  Saw himself as “king” – secular as well as church  Papal States became political power  The church was supreme in spiritual matters and could tell any government what to do in those matters King John – England  Got Innocent III mad at him because he installed who he wanted as Archbishop of Canterbury  Got himself excommunicated and his priests and bishops banned from administering the sacraments Otto IV – German –  excommunicated after invading Sicily Phillip II – France –  divorce people sided with pope against king

Francesco Bernardone Francis of Assisi  Founded the Franciscan’s – order of friars  Valued peace  Valued poverty as Christ lived it  Franciscans successful at converting Albigensians heretics to the orthodox church  At one time Franciscans participated in Inquisition  Franciscan friars granted custody of Christian places in the Holy Land  Friars vs. monks = 3 vows – poverty, chastity and obedience  Mendicant vs. monastic = stability or not Preach the Gospel if necessary use Words…

Dominic Guzman St. Dominic  Founder of the Dominicans – order of Friars  “Order of Preachers”  Dominicans highly intellectual and staffed many of the universities  Dominican Friars became key players in the Inquisition  Dominic had a mystical experience in which Mary gave him the Rosary "Arm yourself with prayer rather than a sword; wear humility rather than fine clothes."

Key Concepts Christendom  The view that the whole world id Christian or should be  Church surprised and humbled by presence of Muslim religion and its power is crusades The Golden Age – 1050 – 1350  Well organized papacy  Gothic cathedrals built  Monasticism grows  Mendicant orders founded  Intellectualism is born  Great writings of those like Thomas Aquinas – Suma Theologica

Key Concepts cont. Pope/King  Innocent III  Very powerful  People in every known area of the Western Church supported him The Crusades  Put down the Muslim threat  9 (10) in all  Your notes from the Green Book cover more of this…  Kingdom of Heaven

CrusadeDates of CrusadeCrusades Timeline of Events First Crusade The People's Crusade - Freeing the Holy Lands. 1st Crusade led by Count Raymond IV of Toulouse and proclaimed by many wandering preachers, notably Peter the Hermit Second Crusade Crusaders prepared to attack Damascus. 2nd crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France Third Crusade rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Richard I made a truce with Saladin Fourth Crusade th Crusade led by Fulk of Neuil French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople The Children's Crusade1212 The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes Fifth Crusade The 5th Crusade led by King Andrew II of Hungary, Duke Leopold VI of Austria, John of Brienne Sixth Crusade The 6th Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II Seventh Crusade The 7th Crusade led by Louis IX of France Eighth Crusade1270The 8th Crusade led by Louis IX Ninth Crusade The 9th Crusade led by Prince Edward (later Edward I of England)

Key Concepts cont. Results of the Crusades  Idea of universal Christendom vanishes  Muslims are a people and they are here to stay  Pope looses political power  Muslims have as strong a faith as Christians  People demanded that the church return to Gospel values – early Church became the model

Key Concepts cont. Pope Boniface VIII – learned that nationalism was stronger than the Church’s reach  Wrote a papal bull saying Popes are supreme over kings  Edward I and Philip IV – wanted control over Church  Unam Sanctum – anyone who disobeys the Pope they go to Hell!!!  The “Babylonian Captivity”  After Boniface died Philip IV got a French man elected Pope – Pope Clement V – then he moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, France where it remained for 86 years  This is the start of the great Western Schism

Key Concepts cont. Albigensians  Albi France  Contemptuous of the Papacy  Fanatical group based on Gnosticism  Jesus not really human (angel with secret knowledge)  Condemned the clergy for wealth  Group marriage  Rejected the sacraments Solution  “Make war on them!”  Crusades over, now crusade against heretics  Count Simon de Montfort took up the charge of ridding the Church of the Albigensians – called the “Cathar Crusade”  Converted many back to the faith  Birth of the Inquisition