You are working on a review sheet for Ms. A’s class. You can use it on the final. You are in a group with people who you often help in class. Another classmate one that you think is cute pops in and asks you to walk over to Phillies. What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

There is a special session in your major at 5:30 a.m. this Saturday. There will be a well known and well respected instructor there to give lessons and critiques. You don’t want to get up that early. Your friend say he’s going and tell you every thing at school on Monday. What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

Ahhhhh! Zombies have over run the school. What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

Someone drops their binder in the hall. You think of something really funny to say. You look down and notice that, as they pick up their stuff, they are pretty upset. What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

You have 7 kitkats. One of your classmates offers you 20 sweet tarts for 5 kitkats. After making this deal you offer 6 sweettarts for 2 thirds as many Snickers and a coke. The Coke brings a friend offering to do your homework and give you a milk. You offer the snickers to Ms. A for a bowl of Lucky Charms. You offer the lucky charms to Mr. Clark for and extension on your homework. You then trade the extension to a friend for some 7 loaves bread that her mom made and 9 cookies. If you read this far then you will get the right answer, which is no.

You have decided to ask out your crush tomorrow. You think of just the right thing to say. It keeps you up beyond you bed time. You are tired. You look at the alarm clock. Do you set it a half hour early so you can shower and comb your hair? Or sleep and rely on your glowing personality? What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

You know you need to study for the test in Mr. Nacht’s class. Your friends tell you, “aw come on, you are so good at science. You can go to the movie Neighbor’s with us.” “ Guys’ I really need to study.” “But you are so smart. You always get all the answers right.” What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

You friend has left her Skittles unprotected. You really want them but you know you need her to help you with the English assignment. What rules tell you what you as a Young Machiavelli should do?

Martin Luther

Who was Martin Luther? Born in Germany in After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk. Lived in the city of Wittenberg. Died in 1546.

Definitions Protest To express strong objection Reform To improve by correcting errors

Problems in the Church Corruption Political Conflicts

Corruption The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.

Advantages of Buying Indulgences Go Directly to Heaven! Do not go to Hell! Do not go to Purgatory! Get through Purgatory faster! Do not pass Go!

Political Conflict KINGS AND QUEENS POPES

Papal Schism In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy. The pope threatened to excommunicate the king and so was arrested. He was later released. The next pope, Clement V, moved the headquarters of the Church from Rome to Avignon in southern France. Many people felt that the French kings controlled the Church. Rome Avignon

Three Popes! The next six popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory then moved the papacy back to Rome in When Gregory died, the French cardinals did not like the new pope in Rome, so they elected a different pope in Avignon. Later, a Church council elected a third pope.

Calls for Reform John Wycliffe ( ) –Questioned the authority of the pope Jan Hus ( ) –Criticized the vast wealth of the Church Desiderius Erasmus ( ) –Attacked corruption in the Church

Luther Looks for Reforms Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences. He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation. He nailed his Ninety- Five Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.

Protestant Teaching: Justification by Faith Alone The Bible is the only source of truth. People can read and understand the Bible themselves. Salvation comes only through faith in Christ. Luther’s Bible

Excommunication Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses. Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms. In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.

The Printing Press Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press. Luther’s supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide. Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.

A New Church Luther soon had many followers. His supporters began to organize a new Christian denomination. Several German princes supported Luther. Lutherans and Catholics fought each other. The first wars ended with the Treaty of Augsburg, but fighting in Europe over religion continued to the mid- seventeenth century. Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre

Lutheranism Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church. They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope. Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life. Luther translated the Bible into German

The Reformation spread to other countries. France and Switzerland: John Calvin preached the idea of “predestination” and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation. England: King Henry VIII refused to recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.

26 The End