The Middle Ages By: Jennifer Bruton Sims Spring 2010

Middle Ages 475 A.D. to A.D. to 1500 Divided into three periods Divided into three periods - Dark Ages Romanesque Gothic

Facts of the Middle Ages Land was the source of power and wealth. Land was the source of power and wealth. Land was constantly fought over by kings, nobles, and lords. Land was constantly fought over by kings, nobles, and lords. Even though this time period appears to have been a troubled time, art still flourished. Even though this time period appears to have been a troubled time, art still flourished. Religion was the driving force of the art that was created during this period. Religion was the driving force of the art that was created during this period.

Art from the Middle Ages Sculpture Sculpture Illuminated Manuscripts Illuminated Manuscripts Stained Glass Stained Glass Tapestries Tapestries Altar Pieces Altar Pieces Murals Murals

Coat of Arms Used to identify a family or clan during a time when people couldn’t read. Used to identify a family or clan during a time when people couldn’t read. Symbols and colors helped to designate an individuals allegiance and social status. Symbols and colors helped to designate an individuals allegiance and social status.

Coat of Arms

Sculpture Sculpture in the round and relief sculptures were found in cathedrals. Sculpture in the round and relief sculptures were found in cathedrals. Gargoyles – down spouts for water running off of the roofs of the cathedrals were a unique architectural feature. Gargoyles – down spouts for water running off of the roofs of the cathedrals were a unique architectural feature.

Illuminated Manuscripts Illuminations – richly painted book illustrations. Illuminations – richly painted book illustrations. Animal Interlace – used in illuminated manuscripts were letters were transformed into animals. Also, intertwining lines. Animal Interlace – used in illuminated manuscripts were letters were transformed into animals. Also, intertwining lines. Manuscripts were hand written and illustrated by monks. Manuscripts were hand written and illustrated by monks.

Stained Glass Stained Glass – an artist arrangement of colored glass pieces held in place with lead strips. Stained Glass – an artist arrangement of colored glass pieces held in place with lead strips. Tracery – the framework that held the stain glass together. Tracery – the framework that held the stain glass together. The stained glass would assist in telling stories from the Bible. The stained glass would assist in telling stories from the Bible.

Tapestries Tapestries were richly colored cloth that had been sown to show an image. Tapestries were richly colored cloth that had been sown to show an image. The tapestries were very heavy and had intricate stitching. The tapestries were very heavy and had intricate stitching.

Altar Pieces Altar Pieces were elaborate pieces used for worship. Altar Pieces were elaborate pieces used for worship. They had images on them and often had thin layers of gold painted on them in the backgrounds to symbolize heavens riches. They had images on them and often had thin layers of gold painted on them in the backgrounds to symbolize heavens riches.

Murals/Frescoes Mural – image painted on a wall. Mural – image painted on a wall. Fresco – painting created when pigment is applied to wet plaster. Fresco – painting created when pigment is applied to wet plaster. Giotto di Bondone – Italian painter known for creating paintings that were more realistic. He inspired future artist of the Renaissance. Giotto di Bondone – Italian painter known for creating paintings that were more realistic. He inspired future artist of the Renaissance.

Architecture Castles Castles Walled cities Walled cities Romanesque Church Romanesque Church Gothic Cathedrals Gothic Cathedrals Monasteries Monasteries

Castles Castles – large dwellings with high, thick walls and towers. Castles – large dwellings with high, thick walls and towers. Some castles had extra protection by using moats with a drawbridge. Some castles had extra protection by using moats with a drawbridge. Spaces lacked windows, so interiors were cold and dark. Spaces lacked windows, so interiors were cold and dark.

Walled Cities Citizens during the Middle Ages wanted security. Citizens during the Middle Ages wanted security. Cities were fortified or surrounded by walls to protect from outside attacks. Cities were fortified or surrounded by walls to protect from outside attacks. Walls were made from stone. Walls were made from stone.

Romanesque Church Romanesque churches were made of thick walls and lacked windows. Romanesque churches were made of thick walls and lacked windows. Space inside church was dark and somber. Space inside church was dark and somber. First churches were built as early as 400 A.D. in Europe. First churches were built as early as 400 A.D. in Europe.

Monastery Monasteries were religious structures that served as a religious community for monks. Monasteries were religious structures that served as a religious community for monks. Monks were men who devoted their lives to prayer and self-denial. Monks were men who devoted their lives to prayer and self-denial. Cloister – is a covered walkway around an open court. Cloister – is a covered walkway around an open court.

Gothic Cathedrals Cathedral – the principle church with a bishop Cathedral – the principle church with a bishop Difference between Romanesque and Gothic is: Difference between Romanesque and Gothic is: -that Romanesque was short and dark. - that Gothic had height and light.

Features of Gothic Cathedral Flying Buttress – is a brace or support placed on the outside of a building. Flying Buttress – is a brace or support placed on the outside of a building. Allowed for cathedral walls to have large areas of stained glass and height. Allowed for cathedral walls to have large areas of stained glass and height.

Continued features of Gothic Cathedral Pointed Arch – a curved arrangement of stones that meets at a central point on top. Pointed Arch – a curved arrangement of stones that meets at a central point on top. Used above doors and windows. Used above doors and windows.

Continued features of Gothic Cathedral Rose Windows - a circular stained glass window usually constructed above the entry to a church. Rose Windows - a circular stained glass window usually constructed above the entry to a church.

Continued features of Gothic Cathedral Vaults – used to support weight of ceilings. Vaults – used to support weight of ceilings.

Gothic Cathedral  Naïve  Transept  Apse  Flying Buttress  Rose Window  Clerestory

Gothic Floor Plan Naïve – Vertical Aisle Naïve – Vertical Aisle Transept – Horizontal Aisle Transept – Horizontal Aisle Apse – Head of floor plan towards altar. Apse – Head of floor plan towards altar.

The typical gothic church floor plan was in the form of a cross. The arm of the cross is called the transept. The center aisle of the church is called the nave. Cutaway view of Notre Dame, Chartres

Gothic Cathedrals  The abbey was began in 960 CE  Westminster Abbey was partially torn down and rebuilt in 1245 CE by King Henry III.  Most important Gothic structure in England.

Westminster Abbey and the Royal Wedding CpU-1EY&feature=related CpU-1EY&feature=related CpU-1EY&feature=related CpU-1EY&feature=related