Chemistry. Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry

Atomic structure ATOMS, ATOMS, ATOMS!!!!!!!!

Atoms Atoms—tiniest part of an element that still has the element’s properties They are too small to see with the naked eye. The term atom is Greek and means “too small to be divided”

Atoms 2 Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: –Neutrons –Protons –Electrons

Subatomic particles The nucleus: –The nucleus is the center of the atom, contains the protons and neutrons, and makes up the mass of the atom. –The protons and neutrons make up all of the mass of an atom –The neutron has no charge to it –The proton has a positive charge (p for positive)

Subatomic particles 2 Orbiting around the nucleus are the electrons. They have a negative charge. They are extremely small. They are so small that their mass is not included in the element’s atomic mass. Electrons are located in energy levels outside of the nucleus. The electrons in the highest energy level are called valence electrons.

Atom Joke A proton, neutron, and electron went out to dinner one night. After a luxurious meal, the waiter brought the check to the proton and the electron. The neutron was perplexed as to why the waiter didn't bring him his check. So, he summoned the waiter to the table and asked him about it. The waiter explained to the neutron, "For you, there's no charge!“ Haaaaaaaaaa! Haaaaaa! Haaaaaaaaaaaa!

Model of an atom

Atoms and the Periodic Table All of the world’s known elements are on the periodic table. The elements atomic number tells the element’s number of protons and electrons. The element's atomic mass tells the element’s number of protons and neutrons added together.

Elements on the Periodic Table

How many neutrons? An atom’s mass is made out of neutrons and protons. If copper has an atomic mass of 64 grams and has an atomic number of 29 how many neutrons does it have? Mass=neutrons + protons 64= neutrons + 29 (the atomic number is the number of protons) =35 neutrons!!!

Atoms and charges What happens when an atom gains or looses an electron? The atom becomes charged! –Example: Copper has an atomic number of 29. This means copper has 29 electrons(-) and 29 protons(+). If copper were to loose two electrons, what would copper’s charge be? 29 Protons (+) + 27 Electrons (-) 2 Protons left over, each proton has a positive charge so the charge of copper would be +2!

Practice Problem Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many neutrons does oxygen have? Answer: 16= N+8, N=8 What would Oxygen’s charge be if it gained two electrons? Answer: 8(+ protons) + 10 (- electrons)=-2

Atom Joke Two atoms are walking down the street and ones says to the other, “Hey hold up. I think I lost an electron.” The second atom replies, “Are you sure?” The first atom exclaimed, “I’m positive!!!” HA! HA! HA! HA!