1.4 How Organisms use energy

1.4 How Organisms Use Energy Organisms use energy to carry out life processes Life processes – things an organism must do to stay alive. WHAT ARE SOME LIFE PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN LIVING THINGS?

1.4 Life Processes Ingestion Digestion 3. Excretion 4. Transport

INGESTION iii. Ingestion - process of taking in food Living things need food because it gives them nutrients Nutrients – chemical substances that are needed for growth and energy Examples of nutrients? How do you think plants get nutrients?

DIGESTION Digestion – process of breaking down food so that it can be used by living things Food needs to be broken down during digestion before the organism can use the nutrients! Can you identify the digestive organs in your body?

Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration – process by which a cell releases energy (ATP) from food molecules (glucose) for the organism to use. -occurs in the mitochondria of cells -Food is originally in the form of sugars! (glucose) -Sugars are broken down while energy is released Byproducts – something produced in addition to the main product. What are the byproducts of cellular respiration? byproducts = carbon dioxide + water

EXCRETION…ewww Excretion – process of getting rid of wastes. -excretion & defication Waste products (all different types) are formed during life processes. Organisms must get rid of the waste! What are some waste products?

TRANSPORT Transport – process of moving nutrients and wastes in a living thing -After digesting food (in the intestines) the nutrients must be carried to all parts of the living thing to be utilized. How do nutrients get carried throughout the body? -by the blood -by diffusion into and out of cells

1-5 Organisms Respond to Change Stimulus – a change that causes a response Organisms respond to stimuli in different ways. The way organisms respond to stimuli is called behavior.

1-5 Behaviors can be: -Learned behaviors - -Instinct behaviors -

Two examples of Behavior Migration- seasonal movements of animals from one place to another (warmer or safer) and back Hibernation- inactive state of some animals during winter months (ex. Bear)

Practice… Use the behaviors shown below and create a list of instinctive behaviors and a list of learned behaviors. Laughing A plant turning to face the sun Your heart pumping Cooking dinner Breathing Playing piano Washing your hands Buttoning your shirt Blinking your eyes

Responses to Stimuli are like Cause and Effect Relationships Stimulus = Cause Response = Effect Example: The boy laughed after hearing a funny joke. Example: The boy laughed after hearing a funny joke.