Art History-19 th Century Birth of “Isms” Neoclassisim Romanticism Realism Impressionism Post-Impressionism
Neoclassism Words associated with this period-virtue; patriotism; Tone: calm, rational Technique: stressed drawing with lines not color, smooth surface and glossy, no trace of brushstrokes ordered grids,
Neoclassical Values: Order, solemnity Subjects: Greek & Roman History Role of Art: Morally uplifting, inspirational Founder & leader of movement: David French & British Academies behind, preached that reason, not emotion, should dictate art
Oath of the Horatii Jacque Louis David 1784 Louvre, Paris, France
Romanticism Dramatic, emotional, violent energy; Themes-liberty power of nature; compare/associations to Baroque – ‘history repeats itself’
Romanticism Imaginative idealized creations Values: Intuition, Emotion, Imagination Inspiration: Medieval & Baroque eras, Middle and Far East Tone: Subjective, spontaneous, nonconformist
Romanticism continued… Color: Unrestrained, deep rich shades of color Subjects: Legends,exotica, nature, violence Genres: Narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals Technique: Quick brushstrokes, strong light-and-shade contrasts Composition: Use of diagonals
Gericault (Raft of the Medusa, 1818) & Delacroix (Liberty Leading the People, 1830) Teacher and his student
Gericault (Raft of the Medusa, 1818) & Delacroix (Liberty Leading the People, 1830)
Early Photo-Realism Photo realism; tromp l’oeil-fool the eye Ultra realistic painting, American painter Harnett
Realism Unadulterated rendering; poor people in everyday situations; landscapes
Realism Courbet, the father of the Realist movement Portrayed drab figures at everyday tasks First one man show, when rejected by an art jury built a shed to show his painting Interior of My Studio Burial of Ornans, The Stone Breakers,
French Realism: Courbet Corot Millet, Barbazon School
American Realism Winslow Homer Eakins
Art for art’s sake James McNeil Whistler Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1, 1872, Muse d’Orsay, Paris Nocturn in Black and Gold: the Falling Rocket, 1875
Manet Often called the “Father of Modern Art” Never exhibited with the Impresionists Striped away idealizing mythology to portray modern life candidly Sketchy brushwork-images appear flat and hard
Manet, “Olympia”, 1863
“Dejeuner sue l’herbe” (1863) “ The Luncheon on the Grass”
Luncheon: Painting offended on moral and aesthetic grounds Indecent because the nude was not idealized (nudity was only acceptable if disguised in Classical trappings) Based on historic art precedent, Giorgione, Titian, Brushstrokes, applied in broad strokes
Impressionism En plein air-Paint outside Concerned with effects of light; Dabs of pure color painted side by side Viewer’s eye blends the colors Shadows not black but blends of colors Country, City associated with Impressionism-France, Paris
Compositions Japanese prints and new tool influenced Impressionists; cropping-cutting off Camera/photography
Impressionists Grouped together because of way painted and concern for light Purpose; to portray immediate visual sensations of a scene Impressionists: Manet, Monet. Renior, Degas Also: Pizzaro, Sisley, Marisot, Casatt
Impressionist subjects: Outdoors, seaside, Parisian streets and cafes
Post-Impressionism Grouped together because making art at the same time- but not because of similar style Post Impressionists: Seurat, Toulouse- Lautrec, Cezanne, Gauguin, van Gogh
Different styles Small dots of pure color on canvas, Seurat Pointillists Textural paint, sick man van Gogh Reduce to basic shapes: cone, cylinder, Cezanne
“Starry Night”
Pointillism, Seurat, “A Sunday on La Grande Jatte”
Cezanne, “Still Life”
Cezanne Cezanne liberated art from reproducing reality by reducing reality to its basic compositions Cylinder, sphere, cone To create illusions of depth placed cool colors like blue, which seem to recede, at rear and warm colors like red, which seem to advance, in front ( Mt. St. Victoire, 1902)