Jim Crow & Plessy V. Ferguson “The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery.” -- W.E.B Du Bois Three People Dancing Around Sun Image: © Images.com/CORBIS Creator Name: Bob Commander

After the Civil War: Blacks make political and civil gains… 13th Amendment - gave 4.3 million slaves their freedom 14th Amendment - African Americans given citizenship 15th Amendment - African American men given right to vote

Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans But… Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans White Southerners chipped away at African Americans rights

African Americans Lost Economic Power 40 Acres & a Mule - After slavery, many African Americans thought they would get this, but didn’t Sharecropping - Instead work on land owned by whites & share profits from crops

African Americans Lost Political Power Poll Tax - had to pay to vote Literacy Test - Had to read to vote Grandfather Clause - Could get around 1st 2 if your grandfather could vote

Quickwrite: Which do you think was a more significant loss, political or economic power? Explain.

began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure) Jim Crow Laws What is it? Segregation began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure) Named after “Jim Crow” song & dance

What parts of society were segregated? Schools, cemeteries, courts, hospitals, mental institutions, orphanages, prisons, & Bibles to swear on in trials Segregated Drinking Fountains

Plessy vs. Ferguson: What? Homer Plessey tried to sit in a whites-only train car How did the Supreme Court Rule? Segregation is ok as long as the facilities are equal “Separate But Equal”

Problem: Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally Separate But Equal is Never Equal Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally Goes against 14th Amendment

Quickwrite: Do you think the Plessy V. Ferguson ruling led to an increase in the amount of Jim Crow laws in the South? Why? Why not?

Jim Crow Violence: How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow? Ku Klux Klan - secret terrorist society that beat, raped, and murdered African Americans

How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow? Lynching - a mob puts someone to death without a trial Between 1880-1968 nearly 5000 blacks were lynched Why? “incorrect behavior” economic competition between blacks and whites

Jim Crow & Segregation: How did African Americans resist? Spoke out against discrimination Organized boycotts of segregated facilities Tried to improve segregated facilities Segregated School

WWII jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US When did it end? WWII jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US 1954 Brown V. Board of Education declared segregation in schools illegal Man removes segregation sign 1956

2 students enter a school. One is confined to a wheelchair. Quickwrite: Is there ever a time when separate treatment IS equal treatment? Consider: 2 students enter a school. One is confined to a wheelchair. 12th graders must pass Algebra in order to graduate. One student has a disability in math.

Quickwrite: Name some situations today where you believe a certain group of people is NOT being treated equally. It could be a certain ethnic group, one of the genders, an age group, a career area, a religious affiliation, an interest group, etc… After you have listed several, state your ideas on how to make things more equal for the groups you mentioned.