Racism in the 1920s and 1930s

Brief Test  What words are required by law to be on all coins and paper currency of the U.S.?  In which document of writing is the “Bill of Rights” found?  A President elected at the general election in November takes office the following year on what date?  Who passes laws dealing with piracy?  On the impeachment of the chief justice of the Supreme Court, who tries the case?  Whose duty is it to keep Congress informed of the State of the Union?

Following Slavery  Emancipation Proclamation  Emancipation Proclamation – January 1 st, 1863 – Lincoln effectively ends slavery in the federal government.  1870s and 1880s – blacks held some positions in society, but their voices were never really heard grandfather clauses  Loopholes – local governments found ways to prevent blacks and poor whites from voting (grandfather clauses)

Separate but Equal  Jim Crow Laws  Jim Crow Laws – laws enacted by state and local (community) governments that contributed to segregation “separate but equal”  Blacks were “separate but equal” – did whites see anything wrong with this? Racial Segregation  Slavery vs. Racial Segregation

Examples of Jim Crow Laws  Toilet Facilities, Male: Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities. Alabama  Barbers: No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. Georgia  Telephone Booths: The Corporation Commission is hereby vested with power to require telephone companies...to maintain separate booths for white and colored patrons when there is a demand for such separate booths. Oklahoma  Intermarriage: All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void. Wyoming  Education: Separate schools shall be maintained for the children of the white and colored races. Mississippi

Integration  Brown v. Board of Education  Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Black parents in Topeka, Kansas, challenged the board of education about segregated schools. “Separate but equal” was not truthful if blacks received lesser services/resources. unconstitutional Ruling – separating colored children deprived them of equal opportunities for learning. Jim Crow Laws were unconstitutional.  Led to beginning of integration and the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.

Personal Experience  “Never Shook Hands” (1:50) Take notes on the social and living/housing conditions of black individuals compared to whites. In the speaker’s opinion, did anyone ever question the Jim Crow laws? Why or why not? How do you think this hurt someone like Tom Robinson? Turn in your answers from your group for an easy 3-point grade.