Honors Chapters 21 The Civil Rights Movement ( ) ( Civil Rights: The rights of personal liberty, guaranteed to U.S. citizens by the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments and by acts of Congress.) I.The Fight Begins: Taking on Segregation (p. 696 – 699; 705 – 706) A. Segregation - 1. Civil Rights Act of 1875; unconstitutional in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - a. 14 th Amendment - b. Jim Crow laws -
"Come listen all you galls and boys, I'm going to sing a little song, My name is Jim Crow. Weel about and turn about and do jis so, Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."
B.Desegregation 1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - a. N.A.A.C.P. (1909) / Thurgood Marshall b. separate can never be equal
2.reaction a. Emmett Till (1955) - b. Little Rock (1957) / George Wallace - c. Ruby Bridges (1960) – d. James Meredith (1962) -
II.The Fight Continues: Key Events in the Civil Rights Movement (p. 700 – 710) A. dejure segregation – B. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) - 1. Rosa Parks - 2. Martin Luther King Jr. / S.C.L.C. (1957) – a. nonviolent resistance - 3. Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation (1956)
C.sit-ins 1. CORE (1942) - 2. Greensboro, NC (1960) 3. SNCC - D.freedom riders (1961) 1. violence 2. protection of U.S. marshals 3. banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities
E.Birmingham (1963) 1. Letter from the Birmingham Jail - 2. Children’s March / “Bull” Connor bombing of 16 th Street Baptist Church -
F.March on Washington (1963) -
G.Freedom Summer (1964) - 1. Robert Moses / Mississippi - 2. murder of 3 civil rights workers -
H. Civil Rights Act of 1964 I.Selma (1965) 1. Jim Clark / Jimmie Lee Jackson st march (March 7 th ) / “Bloody Sunday” nd march (March 21 st ) / Viola Liuzzo -
J. Voting Rights Act of Test---PDF K. Civil Rights Act of III.The Fight Continues: Challenges & Changes (p ) A. defacto segregation - 1. Watts Riot (1965) - 2. economic equality: opportunities in jobs, housing, & education
3. Kerner Commission (1968) - “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white – separate and unequal.” B. alternatives to nonviolence 1. Nation of Islam (Elijah Muhammad) / Malcolm X - a. Organization for Afro American Unity / “Ballots or Bullets” -
2.Stokely Carmichael / Black Power “a call for black people to define their own goals... to lead their own organizations”
3. Bobby Seale & Huey Newton / Black Panthers (1966)
IV. The Legacy