States and Forms of Energy

What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause a change or do work What is Energy? Energy is the ability to cause a change or do work There are 2 states and 6 forms of energy There are 2 states and 6 forms of energy

State of Energy Start these notes on a new page (right-hand side) Divide the page in half and label as follows: Potential Energy Kinetic Energy

STATES OF ENERGY Potential PE is stored energy; it’s the energy an object has the potential to release. P.E. due to its position is known as gravitational potential energy P.E. due to its chemical composition is stored energy The elastic potential energy an object has results from how much it is stretched or compressed. Examples: A rock on the top of a cliff (P.E. is due to position) A lump of coal (P.E is result of chemical composition) the amount of P.E. an elastic has depends on how much it’s being stretched.

Kinetic Energy Is the energy of motion; The faster the object moves, the more K.E. it has Examples: A rock rolling down a cliff (it’s moving) Heat given off when coal is burned (the molecules are moving fast) Adding lemon juice to baking soda (the molecules in the lemon juice and baking soda are changing into different chemicals releasing kinetic energy

MECHANICALRADIANT CHEMICALNUCLEAR ELECTRICALTHERMAL Copy the 6 boxes into notes using entire page MR. C. NET

MECHANICAL ENERGY Mechanical Energy is the energy produced by moving objects (it’s the total energy of an object’s motion (KE) and position (PE) of an object). (KE + PE) Sound energy is a type of mechanical energy; it’s produced by an object’s vibrations. vibrations –Examples: running, leaves rustling, ball rolling, whistling

RADIANT (LIGHT) ENERGY Radiant Energy is light energy given off in the form of waves and particles (called photons) (see it) (see it) Most light energy is not visible to human eyes; radiant energy is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. (see it) (see it) The Sun is the Earth’s main source of radiant energy

How microwaves work Infrared radiation- produces heat in form of wavesInfrared radiation-waves

CHEMICAL ENERGY Chemical Energy is the energy produced when the bonds between atoms and molecules are broken and rearranged (during chemical reactions).Chemical Energy Examples: photosynthesis, digestion, battery (stored energy), coal (stored energy)

NUCLEAR ENERGY FISSIONFISSION (splitting of nuclei) Nuclear Energy is the energy released from a nuclear reaction in the nucleus of an atom; the nucleus of an atom can break apart (fission) or nuclei can join together with others (fusion). Examples: atomic bomb (fission), formation of a Star (fusion)fusion FUSIONFUSION (joining of nuclei)

ELECTRICAL ENERGY Electrical Energy is the energy produced by moving electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles found in atoms.Electrical Energy For example: Toasters, TVs, Light bulbs all use electrical energy

THERMAL (HEAT) ENERGY Thermal Energy is the energy produced by moving atoms and molecules; moving atoms create heat Infrared waves, which are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum, also produce thermal energy. For example: the sun, a fire, a stove top, or two objects rubbing together give off heat energy

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION/ CONVERSION NOTES When work is done on an object, energy is transferred (passed on) to the object. –For example: when kicking a ball, the energy transfers from your foot to the ball. ENERGY CONVERSIONS -when energy changes from one form or state to another. Energy can change states (PE  KE); this is an energy conversion –Energy can change from PE to KE to PE again and vice versa.PE to KE For example: a roller coaster ride, a yo-yo or a skier –Energy can change forms, too; this is called an energy conversion For example: a battery changes chemical energy into electrical energy A flashlight changes electrical energy into radiant energy

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? It states that energy in a system can be converted from one form to another or from one object to another, but the total amount of energy stays the same; the energy in a system is neither created nor destroyed.

What is a “Law”, scientifically speaking? A law is a statement which explains some kind of regularity of nature. Theories might help to explain the cause(s) of a law’s regularity. ObservationsHypothesis ExperimentsTheory Law

A scientific law represents a hypothesis (or group of related hypotheses) which has been confirmed through repeated testing, almost always conducted over a span of many years. Generally, a law uses a handful of fundamental concepts and equations to define the rules governing a set of phenomena.