Pg 1 of 14 AGI Optical Signature Capability for STK Dr. Arthur Woodling DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Pg 2 of xx AGI Pg 2 of 14 Acknowledgements And Contacts OPTISIG has been developed under the technical direction of the T&E Directorate/Data Analysis Division, U. S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Huntsville, Alabama The OPTISIG/STK interface software development was funded by Teledyne Corporate Independent Research and Development OPTISIG Inquires To: Dr. Arthur Woodling / MS 118 Teledyne Solutions, Inc Bradford Drive Suite 200 Huntsville, Al (256) OPTISIG/STK Interface Inquires To: Jeffery King / MS 118 Teledyne Solutions, Inc Bradford Drive Suite 200 Huntsville, Al (256)

Pg 3 of xx AGI Pg 3 of 14 Outline OPTISIG Overview OPTISIG Heritage And Users The Physics of OPTISIG OPTISIG/STK Interface Simple Mission Planning Exercise Summary Scenario Target Libraries OPTISIG STK trajectory STK plots STK Connect Linkages R,V 

Pg 4 of xx AGI Pg 4 of 14 OPTISIG Overview OPTISIG provides optical signatures for missile systems and payloads between Visible and Long Wave Infrared Models targets from ascent through reentry Results verified to the Industry standard OSC code for typical target classes (RVs, replicas, balloons) OPTISIG Structure Primary Applications Standardized Target Capability Target Type Fidelity Approximate Run Time Fortran Subroutine ~30,000 Lines Multi-Target Threat Complex Generation, System Simulations, Discrimination Algorithm Development, Acquisition and Track Studies Target Model Libraries Distributed With OPTISIG Axisymmetric Target Shapes Described by Cones, Cylinders, Spheres, Disks, Plates High to Medium 1 Sec Per Target

Pg 5 of xx AGI Pg 5 of 14 OPTISIG Heritage And Users OSC Developed 1972 FASTSIG Developed 1985 OPTISIG Subroutine Developed 1991 AST GSTS XoDiS NTB STB GBI/EKV ISTC SSGM SBIRS Detailed Validated Code For Simulating Optical Signatures of BMD Systems High-Speed Single Target Optical Signature Generation High-Speed Multi-Target Optical Signature Generator Using Pregenerated Model Libraries

Pg 6 of xx AGI Pg 6 of 14 The Physics Of OPTISIG Target Models –Shape Primitives –Thermal Properties –Optical Properties Natural Sources –Solar –Earthshine –Earth Albedo –Aerothermal Target Motion –Rigid Body Dynamics (Precession) Spin Rate to CG Angular Momentum Precession ½ Angle Precession About Angular Momentum Axis Optical Properties, ,  Material Layering and Thermophysical Properties, , c p, k Earth Albedo Cloud Albedo Emitted Earthshine Solar Flux Sensor Aspect Angle Time varying: Projected Area Thermal Emission Reflected Sun, Earth, Albedo Sun

Pg 7 of xx AGI Pg 7 of 14 OPTISIG/STK Interface Windows application Can use the power of STK’s flight and constraint algorithms Provides Radiant Intensities using an industry recognized tool (OPTISIG) Uses STK Connect linkages Can be utilized for mission planning and battle management exercises

Pg 8 of xx AGI Pg 8 of 14 Simple Mission Planning Exercise MSX Satellite (Sensor Platform) –Three Infrared detectors (hypothetical) Short Wave IR Medium Wave IR Long Wave IR –Data Rate: 0.5 Hz –Noise Level: 1e-18 W/cm 2 (each band) DMSP_5D-1-F06 Satellite (Target) Schedule mission for June 1, 2004 Require at least 200 seconds of target viewing with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 8.0 Disclaimer: All sensor parameters used in this exercise are fictitious, any resemblance to real sensors, living or dead, is purely coincidental.

Pg 9 of xx AGI Pg 9 of 14 STK Predicts Multiple Accesses Sensor views target on ten separate occasions on 6/1/2004 Sensor at first access Target at first access

Pg 10 of xx AGI Pg 10 of 14 STK Access Summary Report First five accesses satisfy 200 second viewing duration criteria Last five accesses are too short Run OPTISIG to check first five accesses for sufficient signal on the focal plane Access Start Time (UTCG) Stop Time (UTCG) Duration (sec) Jun :16: Jun :22: Jun :07: Jun :13: Jun :59: Jun :04: Jun :50: Jun :54: Jun :41: Jun :45: Jun :33: Jun :36: Jun :24: Jun :27: Jun :15: Jun :17: Jun :07: Jun :08: Jun :58: Jun :59: Global Statistics Min Duration 10 1 Jun :58: Jun :59: Max Duration 1 1 Jun :16: Jun :22: Mean Duration Total Duration

Pg 11 of xx AGI Pg 11 of 14 Set Up OPTISIG Run Associate STK trajectories with OPTISIG sensors and targets Set up sensor noise and data rate parameters Set up OPTISIG environmental parameters

Pg 12 of xx AGI Pg 12 of 14 OPTISIG Results (Access Interval 1) Short IR Medium IR Long IR 1 Jun :16: Jun :22: Reflected Radiation Access interval 1 –Yields data above 8.0 SNR threshold –Not sufficient for 200 second duration Short IR band shows off OPTISIG’s ability to model reflected radiation from Sun & Earth Access intervals 2, 3, and 4 show similar threshold deficiencies

Pg 13 of xx AGI Pg 13 of 14 Short IR Medium IR Long IR 1 Jun :41: Jun :45: OPTISIG Results (Access Interval 5) Access interval 5 –Each sensor band yields data above required threshold for the entire interval Only access meeting or exceeding mission requirements

Pg 14 of xx AGI Pg 14 of 14 Summary OPTISIG/STK is a Windows driven application Allows the user to utilize the power of STK’s flight and constraint analysis algorithms Provides optical radiant intensities via the use of an industry recognized prediction tool (OPTISIG) Interface is established via STK Connect linkages Can be utilized for mission planning and battle management exercises Scenario Target Libraries OPTISIG STK trajectory STK plots STK Connect Linkages R,V 