What is Matter? Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space Anything you can hold or touch is matter Examples: Books, desks, phones, and so is air, why air? Things that are not matter: Light, sound, and electricity These things are not matter because they have no mass or volume

Energy Energy is the ability to change or move matter If I were to move a desk, it would require energy Our bodies require energy to function, we obtain this energy from food Without energy, living organisms would not survive

Forms of Potential Energy Gravitational Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy Chemical Energy Nuclear Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy The energy that results from its position above the ground Any system of two or more objects separated by a distance contains gravitational potential energy This results from the gravitational attraction between the objects

Elastic Potential Energy The energy stored in any type of stretched or compressed elastic material Examples include a clock spring, bungee cord, and rubber band What would happen if I had a rubber band stretched out and then released it? What happens when a compressed spring is released?

Chemical Energy The energy stored within atoms and molecules that can be released when a substance reacts Lets look at an example……

Nuclear Energy Energy that comes from the splitting of an atom, or fusing two atoms together This is an energy stored by the forces holding subatomic particles together in the nuclei of atoms Lets imagine a water balloon……

Forms of Kinetic Energy Radiant Energy Thermal Energy Sound Electrical Energy

Radiant Energy AKA light energy or electromagnetic energy This is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves An example of this is solar power

Thermal Energy This is energy that comes from heat and the vibration of atoms and molecules Examples include geysers and coal burning Another example is boiling water As the water heats up the molecules began to vibrate and have an increase in velocity. In return this cause the water to heat up

Sound Sound is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves Examples include echoes and music

Electrical Energy This is another term for electricity Our homes are powered by electricity This results from the flow of charged particles through wires or other conducting materials

Mechanical Energy Mechanical Energy is defined as: The sum of the potential and kinetic energy in a system Ex. When an apple hangs from a tree it has potential energy. As it falls it has both potential and kinetic energy. The sum of both the potential and kinetic energy is called the mechanical energy.

Transformation of Energy When the energy in a system changes from one form to another (like from potential to kinetic) this is known as transformation of energy

Example During a roller coaster ride energy changes many times. At the top of the hill the roller coaster has a lot of potential energy (stored energy). After this, energy goes through a series of transformations, turning from potential to kinetic energy and back to potential.

The Law of Conservation of Energy Simply put: Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy does not just appear Energy cannot be created from nothing It must be due to energy that enters the system from an external source Energy does not just disappear It can change forms, but not disappear

Example of Energy Entering a System Imagine a girl jumping on a trampoline. Say she bounces 0.5m on the first bounce, and then 1.0m on the second bounce. Because she is higher after the second bounce, she has more potential energy The total energy increased, but was due to an external force (the girl pushing with her legs)

Example of Energy not disappering What happens when we bounce a ball? As it bounces, it begins to bounce lower and lower This means after every bounce it has a decrease in potential and kinetic energy This energy doesn’t disappear BUT WHERE DOES IT GO??

Where Does It Go?? If all of the kinetic energy of the ball transformed back into kinetic energy after it bounced, what would happen? The ball would continue to bounce at the same height Obviously this isn’t what happens, so where did the energy go?

Where Does It Go When the ball hits the ground, some of the kinetic energy compresses the air around the ball, making a sound Some of the kinetic energy makes the ball, air, and ground hotter Because these other forms of energy are not due to motion or position, they are considered nonmechanical energy