 Thermal energy is the energy that is associated with the motion of the particles in a substance.  All matter is made up of atoms (particles) that move.

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Presentation transcript:

 Thermal energy is the energy that is associated with the motion of the particles in a substance.  All matter is made up of atoms (particles) that move faster when they heat up. The faster the particles move, the higher the temperature.  Heat energy is the transfer of thermal energy.  Heat energy always moves from hotter objects to cooler objects.

● Energy which is transferred through electromagnetic waves such as visible light, ultraviolet light or X-rays. ● Solar energy is a type of radiant energy. ○ Green plants use solar energy during photosynthesis. ○ Most of the energy that we use on Earth originally came from the Sun. ● Sources of radiant energy include, but are not limited to, stars, light bulbs, and microwaves.

● Chemical energy is energy stored within the chemical bonds in matter. ● Chemical energy can be released, for example in batteries or sugar/food, when these substances react to form new substances.

● Electrical energy is the energy flowing in an electric circuit. ● Sources of electrical energy include: stored chemical energy in batteries; solar energy in solar cells; fuels or hydroelectric energy in generators.

● Mechanical energy is the energy due to the motion (kinetic) and position (potential) of an object. When objects are set in motion or are in a position where they can be set in motion, they have mechanical energy.

■ Potential energy is stored energy. ■ Mechanical potential energy is related to the position of an object. ■ A stretched rubber band has potential energy. This is called elastic potential energy. ■ A book on a shelf has potential energy. Since gravity can pull the book to the floor, this is called gravitational potential energy. The height and mass of an object affect gravitation potential energy.

● Gravitational potential energy is greater when the height of an object is greater because more kinetic energy was required to raise the object to the greater height. ● Gravitational potential energy is greater when the mass of the object is greater because more kinetic energy is required to lift the heavier object. ● Examples of this can include, but are not limited to, lifting a book to a height of 2 meters instead of 1 meter; and lifting a basketball to a height of one meter and then lifting a bowling ball to a height of 1 meter.

■ Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. ■ Mechanical kinetic energy increases as an object moves faster.

 A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.  An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle  Nuclear energy is the energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.