Fourth Six Week Study Guide Review

Nervous System (Ch. 18) synapse axon nucleus 1. Label the parts of the neuron. What is the name of the small space in between the neurons? synapse axon nucleus dendrite   How do you know which way the impulse is traveling? Sensory neuron to motor neuron Dendrites receive an impulse from another neuron, and pass it on to the cell body. The axon carries the impulse to the next neuron.

Nervous System (Ch. 18) continues 2. Describe what happens during a reflex. Sensory neuron are stimulated. The sensory neuron sends impulse to travel to the brain, then interneuron receive the impulse pass to along to the motor neuron. The impulse travel down the axons of the motor neurons to the muscle or gland.

Nervous System (Ch. 18) continues 3. Label the parts of the brain and the eye below and write the functions by each label. cerebrum cornea lens cerebellum brain stem optic nerve

Frogs Label the parts of the frog. Why are frogs amphibians? (Explain) The frogs can live both on land and in water. The cycle of the frogs begins in the water and then starts again in the water, when they reproduce.

Dichotomous Keys Dichotomous keys are a tool used by scientist to identify organisms. Keys provide a series of choices between alternate structures and characteristics to lead to species identification.

Dichotomous Keys 1a. Organism has 4 legs Go to # 2 1b. Organism has more than 4 legs Go to # 20 2a. Organism has a tail Go to # 3 2b. Organism has no tail Go to # 35 3a. Organism has stripes Bengal Tiger 3b. Organism has no stripes African Lion Used to help identify unknown specimen Work by asking yes or no questions whose answers lead the reader to the correct taxa for the organism

Natural Selection 1. What is natural selection? Give two examples A process in nature in which organism possessing certain characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment tend to survive, reproduce, increase in number and therefore, are able to pass their characteristics to the next generations. Originally proposed by Charles Darwin, natural selection is the process that results in the evolution of organisms. Examples are the finches of the Galapagos Islands and the animals and plants of Madagascar.

Natural Selection, Adaptations & Selective Breeding continues 2. What are the two types of adaptations? Describe an example of each. The 2 types of animal adaptations are. . . Behavioral= an action that aids survival Nocturnal, playing dead Physiological= a body part or coloring that aids survival Stick bug, Chameleon 3. What is selective breeding? Describe how this could be used to make a “labradoodle” puppy or the fastest horse. Selective breeding is selecting species of plant or animal with the desired traits to breed for the next generation.

Plants & Photosynthesis (Chapter 10 &11) 1. What is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis? Pg. 331 Also, see pg. 182. 2. Write the common name for each of the following chemical formulas. H2O - water C6H12O6 - glucose CO2 - carbon dioxide O2 – oxygen gas  

Plants & Photosynthesis (Chapter 10 &11) continues Which are reactants and which are products in the process of photosynthesis? Which is the chemical energy that the plant makes? Glucose. Also, where does the radiant energy come from that drives this whole process? The sun

Plant & Photosynthesis Label the plant cell. Include the large vacuole, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, and chloroplast.

Plant & Photosynthesis 4. What is “phototropism”? Draw a picture to illustrate it. Phototropism movement or growth of part of an organism (e.g. A plant shoot) towards (positive phototropism) a source of light, without overall movement of the whole organism. Positive phototropism is a directional growth towards the light while a negative response is the organism moving away from the light. http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Phototropism.html

Plant & Photosynthesis 5. What is “geotropism”? Draw a picture to illustrate it. The prefix "GEO" means...Earth Geotropism is the plants response to gravity.   http://leavingbio.net/Plant%2520Responses_files/image005.gif&imgrefurl

Plant & Photosynthesis 6. What is “turgor pressure”? How does it occur? Remember the red onion cells and Elodea. Turgor pressure means the rigid or fullness state of a cell due to high water content as a result of differing concentrations between a semi-permeable membrane. It plays a role in cell expansion and certain movements such as the closing or opening of stomata. It is what makes living plant tissue rigid. Loss of turgor, resulting from the loss of water from plant cells, causes flowers and leaves to wilt.

Plant & Photosynthesis 7. We saw celery with blue and red food coloring in the leaves. What was this demonstration used to illustrate? Transpirational pull or also know as capillary action. Celery is a vascular plant, which means that it has a system of tubes used for transport.

Plant & Photosynthesis 8. In a tree, when the roots take in water, the xylem carries water up to the leaves. Why does the water need to get to the leaves? To carry out photosynthesis. Once the leaves make glucose (sugar) through the process of photosynthesis, what tubes carry the food down to the rest of the plant? phloem