Business and Management Research WELCOME

Lecture 6

Presentations are brief discussions of a focused topic delivered to a group of listeners They are a great way to express ideas as well as educate people. Giving a presentation is not an easy task. It requires organization, public speaking skills, and self-confidence A good presenter has the ability to engage his or her listeners from beginning to end. Oral Presentation

Know your topic - become an expert Learn as much about the topic Have an idea what the background is of your audience is so you will know what kinds of things you may have to define Prepare an outline of topic. Bullet or number the main points Preparation

Divide the body of your presentation into three to five main points. The conclusion should include a summary of the main points of the presentation. Include questions in your presentation to engage the audience. The final slide should contain: –a message thanking the audience –your contact details –information about the availability of speaker notes. Organizing Your Presentation

Do not overload slides with a lot of text. Prepare a Table of Contents slide. Include a slide that shows your institution logo. Arrange slides according to topics. Recommended font for slide title is font size should be 44. Font size for subtitles should be 28 to 34, with bold font. Use dark font over light background and light font over dark background to enhance clarity. Presentation Design

Begin your presentation by telling your audience what your topic is and what you will be covering.. Avoid reading your remarks Dress neatly and appropriately Speak in a clear, audible voice loud enough to be clearly heard in the back row. Never, ever mumble Stand up straight, Make frequent eye contact with the audience. Really look at the audience as you talk to them. Delivery tips

Avoid to speak to the screen instead of to the audience. At the conclusion of your presentation ask for questions. Encourage questions and respond to questions politely and briefly. At the end of your presentation, summarize your main points and give a strong concluding remark that reinforces why your information is of value. Show some enthusiasm Delivery tips

I.Points to check –1. Are all the words understood? –2. Do all respondents interpret the question in the same way? –3. Do respondents correctly follow directions? –4. How long does it take to complete? –5. Does it collect the information you want? piloting questionnaire

II. Who will participate? Prepare a “mock-up” questionnaire and cover letter and submit it for review to: –1. Professional colleagues –2. Potential users of the data –3. A small cross section of the population to be surveyed piloting questionnaire

III. Ways to conduct a pilot test 1. Watch people complete the questionnaire. Give people the cover letter and questionnaire and ask them to fill it out in your presence. 2. Ask a small number to complete the questionnaire 3. Have individuals read the question and then rephrase the question using different words. piloting questionnaire

Organisations may not wish to give access to collect data Concerns about sensitivity and confidentiality Perceptions about the researcher’s credibility Negotiating access and research ethics

Designing the questionnaire Stages that must occur if a question is to be valid and reliable Source: developed from Foddy (1994) Figure 11.2 Stages that must occur if a question is to be valid and reliable

Examples of question types Open questions 6Please list up to three things you like about your job 1………………………………………… 2………………………………………… 3………………………………………… Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types List questions 7What is your religion? Please tick the appropriate box Buddhist  None  Christian  Other  Hindu  Jewish  Muslim  Sikh  Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Category questions 8How often do you visit the shopping centre? Interviewer: listen to the respondent’s answer and tick as appropriate  First visit  Once a week  Less than fortnightly to once a month  2 or more times a week  Less than once a week to fortnightly  Less often Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Ranking questions 9Please number each of the factors listed below in order of importance to you in choosing a new car. Number the most important 1, the next 2 and so on. If a factor has no importance at all, please leave blank. FactorImportance Carbon dioxide emissions [ ] Boot size [ ] Depreciation [ ] Price [ ] Adapted from Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Rating questions 10For the following statement please tick the box that matches your view most closely Agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Disagree I feel employees’     views have influenced the decisions taken by management Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Quantity questions 14What is your year of birth? (For example, for 1988 write: ) Saunders et al. (2009)

Designing questions Using existing questions – remember to check copyright Question wording Translating questions into other languages