Dynamic Tidal Analysis  Generating Forces Gravity & inertia

The Tide Wave

 Free wave ~200 m/sec  Forced wave at the equator  Balance between friction & gravity  Less in higher latitudes

Progressive Wave Tides  Tide wave that moves, or progresses, in a nearly constant direction  Western North Pacific  Eastern South Pacific  South Atlantic Ocean

Progressive Wave Tides  Cotidal lines Marks location of crest at certain time intervals 1 hour Shallow water wave

Standing Wave Tides  The reflection of the tide wave can create a rotary standing wave

The bulge on the western edge of the basin creates a pressure gradient (to the east) as the earth continues to rotate At some point the water will flow down the pressure gradient and be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

 Due to the Coriolis effect the water forms a mound in the South  This bulge creates another pressure gradient (to the north)  When the water flows it is deflected once again to the right and piles up in the eastern margin

 Once this balance is reached the tidal bulge that forms is called a rotary wave This wave is similar to the wave that can be produced by swirling a cup  A rotary wave creates both high (crests) and low (troughs) tides each day

The node is seen half- way along the basin, where the color is always greenish- yellow regardless of the phase of the wave. Rotary Wave Movement

 Tide crest rotates counterclockwise around the basin  Tidal current rotates clockwise because the current is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere

Amphidromic Point  Node for a rotary wave  Tidal range is zero  Tidal range increases away from node

Corange Lines  Lines of equal tidal range

Rose Diagram  Shows direction of tidal current at a specific hour  Speed of current correlated to length of arrow

Progressive-Vector Diagram  Diurnal One complete circle  Semidiurnal Two circles  Mixed Two unequal circles

Tides in Small & Narrow Basins  Tides can be quite different due to the shallowness, smallness and shapes of many bays and estuaries

 In the nearby Bay of Fundy it is much narrower and more elongated (restrictive basin) the tidal wave cannot rotate as it does in the open ocean Instead the tide moves in and out of the estuary and does not rotate around a node

The Bay of Fundy  Two reasons: Gradual tapering & shallowing that constricts tidal flow into the bay Dimension of the bay  Tidal resonance  This creates a seiche causing the water to slosh back and forth like a standing wave

Tidal Bores  High tide crest that advances rapidly up an estuary or river as a breaking wave  3 conditions contribute to tidal bores Large tidal range, greater than 17 feet A tapering basin geometry Water depths that systematically decrease upriver

Tidal Bores  Qiantang River 9m 40 km/hr (25 miles/hr)  Amazon River Pororoca

Tide Predictions