Health care system innovation in the Netherlands - with a special focus on primary care André Knottnerus, MD, PhD Chair, Scientific Council for Government.

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Presentation transcript:

Health care system innovation in the Netherlands - with a special focus on primary care André Knottnerus, MD, PhD Chair, Scientific Council for Government Policy, The Hague Professor of General Practice, Maastricht University Thank you for inviting me to speak about this important topic NL, the US, and other countries a lot to exchange and mutually learn Thank you also for your words, we highly appreciate the enormous support from the US, as always so to say On this map, on which you see our small country, with only 17 million inhabitants In geval ander kaartje: you also see how close Ukraine and Russia are, which underlines the importance of solving the current difficult and dramatic issues, in order to work for a common future N = 16.859.390

Outline Some history and background Dutch health care (insurance) reform 2006 Implications for primary care Some examples Concluding remarks, learning points

Some history and background

Essential characteristics: Since World War II: primary care cornerstone of Dutch health care system Essential characteristics: (1) full access to primary medical care all citizens have a GP (60% > 10 years) GP coordinates specialist referrals (2) all referred specialist & long-term-care covered by insurance (3) insurance coverage of population practically complete GPs coordinate specialist referrals, and are fully accepted to do so for many decades, also by the specialists (and patients) and trained. Overview, fragmentation, polypragmasia, general key adviser of the patient, need for information overview, multimorbidity, etc. Check % non-insured, and regulations/helped but debts

Unique domain of illness & disease Frequency, prognosis, outcome Primary care morbidity Unique domain of illness & disease Frequency, prognosis, outcome Patient perspective Needs, preferences, capabilities person central Person and context factors System perspective Navigating resources 95% of presented problems, 4% of cost Also responsibility for effectiveness Source: Chris van Weel (Chris van Weel) * White et all, NEJM 1961 Green et all, NEJM 2001

In the nineties, NL was considered Still highly appreciated: EU consumer index OPZOEKEN, high appreciation for primaty care oriented system and GP

Ongoing improvements since 60s Structural collaboration between GPs and other primary care disciplines e.g., community nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists  multidisciplinary health centers (3 years) post-MD vocational training of GPs Strong basis of academic primary care research Evidence-based clinical guidelines covering most problems presented to primary care Strong ICT/EMR-infrastructure This all matches with a traditionally strong …..

The Dutch health care (insurance) reform 2006

At the start of 20th century From 2000 cost started to increase (1999- 2009: 8.1  12.0 % of GDP (vs.17.4% USA)(OECD) At the start of 20th century system did too little to control increasing health care expenditures and offered too little choice for consumers New health insurance system introduced (2006)

Important objectives of new system More effective cost containment by stimulating competition between insurers and among health care providers Promoting (regulated) market orientation More influence insurers and consumers on quality and cost Safeguarding good care quality for everyone Promoting health care innovation Check: hoeveel er nu switchen per jaar Melden dat de basale, echt relevante zorg niet meer mag verschillen tussen lage en hoge inkomens

System changes (1) Until 2006, two thirds of population insured by public insurance funds; one third - above predefined income threshold - privately insured. In 2006: mix of public and private elements public insurers privatized or merged with private insurers all citizens required to purchase a basic package of essential health care services (determined by MoH) obligatory “own-risk coverage” currently €360/year (not for GP care)

System changes (2) Premium for basic package set by competition between insurers (and between care providers) as to price and quality Insurers must accept all without selecting risks Low incomes receive subsidy for basic insurance Option for additional package of non-vital extras Necessary long-term institutional and nursing home care covered by mandatory tax-based insurance; income-dependent premium

The new system and primary care

The new system and primary care (1) GPs: previously: full capitation fee for publicly insured (70%) from 2006: partial fee-for-service in addition to still relatively substantial capitation payment for all This enables GPs to keep fulfilling also non-consultation related preventive roles Extra allowances for: caring for elderly and people with low-incomes taking part in health care innovation, such as programmatic care for patients with chronic illness, substitution, and quality improvement inititiatives Aangeven dat voor die tijd steeds minder GPs in probleem- en ouderenwijken wilden werken

The new system and primary care (2) System’s incentives evoked facilitation and spread of primary care innovations patient-centered and integrated approaches collaboration of primary care and public health workers, patient/consumer groups, local communities multidisciplinary regional ‘care groups’ for chronic care (e.g., diabetes, COPD) : 11 in 2006, 100 now, covering 75% of GPs co-ordination of primary and clinical specialist care More attention for evaluation of effectiveness/efficiency of innovations

Some examples

Health center Thermion Nijmegen GPs, nurse practitioners, physiotherapists, psychologists, social care, dietary care, pharmacy, dentist, speech therapists, obstetricians, home care, local public health workers Collaboration University Medical Center (EBM) Analysis health care needs local community, e.g., Much alcoholism  priority programme Many elderly with disabilities  telemedicine Network development: more practices/topics (e.g., loneliness, mobility)

Integrated prevention of falls Collaboration: GPs, fysiotherapists, community nurses, pharmacists, a regional health care organization, organizations of the elderly, sports organizations, local public health Multimedia educational materials, risk checklists Preventive and fall training by certified professionals 7 other groups followed the initiative

Other examples Joint consultations GPs & specialists Complex orthopedic, cardiological, dermatological problems Less referrals and procedures, less costs, same quality Primary care follow-up after cancer treatment Reduction of antibiotics use: shared care inititatives Effectiveness evaluated and published Supported by research funds

Concluding remarks and learning points

Development health care costs Percentage increase of expenditures per year * In 2013 almost no increase in percentage of GDP (15.0 to 15.1%). (NL National Statistics Institute )

Some concerns Public and political debate on tensions between public responsibilities and market opportunities intensified Points of attention e.g., Much competition on price, but too litte on quality Reduction of burocracy

Learning points Be practical, not ideological (e.g., mix public – private has advantages) Reward quality rather than quantity  measuring quality Primary care innovation Frontrunners ,infrastructure, incentives for quality Evidence-based ambition Support from insurers, research, and policy Nog een boodschap voor de US/Primary care is essential, also for the system as a whole