Adjusted Clopidogrel Loading Doses According to VASP Phosphorylation Index Decrease Rate of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Clopidogrel.

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Adjusted Clopidogrel Loading Doses According to VASP Phosphorylation Index Decrease Rate of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Clopidogrel low response: A Multicentre Randomized Prospective Study. L Bonello, L Camoin-Jau, S Arques, C Boyer, D Panagides, O Wittenberg, MC Siméoni, P Barragan, F Dignat-George, F Paganelli. Service de cardiologie, Hôpital universitaire nord, Marseille; FRANCE Laboratoire d’hématologie, INSERM UMRS 608, Hôpital conception; Marseille; FRANCE Service de cardiologie, Hôpital d’aubagne, Aubagne; FRANCE Service de cardiologie, Clinique clairval, Marseille; FRANCE Service de cardiologie, Clinique Bouchard, Marseille; FRANCE Service de cardiologie, Hôpital privé beauregard, Marseille; FRANCE Laboratoire de statistique, Faculté de la timone, Marseille; FRANCE Service de cardiologie, Polyclinique les Fleurs, Ollioules, FRANCE

CONFLICT OF INTEREST None for any author. This study was supported by a grant from the federation francaise de cardiologie, Paris, France.

BACKGROUND Large inter-individual variability in response to clopidogrel has been observed when a 300 mg loading dose (LD) is used. A 600 mg LD decrease the mean platelet reactivity (PR) but does not overcome the large inter- individual variability observed. In press EHJ 2008

Link between low response and stent thrombosis / ischemic events End-pointAuthorJournal / yearn Stent thrombosisBarragan et al.CCI Gurbel et al.JACC Ajenberg et al.JACC Buonamici et al.JACC Blindt et al.TH Ischemic eventsMatetzky et al.Circ Geiser et al.EHJ Gurbel et al.JACC Bliden et al.JACC Cuisset et al.JTH Hochholzer et al.JACC Bonello et al.JTH

VASP index+ ADP AC cAMP PKA VASP VASP-P GP 2b/3a complex Fibrinogen binding Inactivated Platelets PGE1 PGI2 - Activated platelets P2Y 12 ADP-receptor VASP index : standardized and reproducible. Highly specific of the response to clopidogrel. Horstrup et al. Eur J Biochem 1994;225:21-7 Geiger et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:

DEFINITION OF LOW- RESPONSE using VASP index The negative predictive value of the VASP index to predict MACE after PCI was 100% using the cut- off value of 50% of PR. Bonello L, et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5: Therefore we defined low response as a post- treatment platelet reactivity ≥ 50% using the VASP index in the present study.

AIM Clinical impact of loading dose adjustment according to platelet monitoring in patients with low-response to clopidogrel.

STUDY DESIGN Non-emergent PCI : ACS and Stable angina (n=406) Loading dose (LD) ASA 250mg Clopidogrel 600mg VASP ≥ 50% Randomization (n=162) CONTROL (n=84)VASP-guided LD (n=78) Up-to 3 additional LD of 600 mg every 24 hours until VASP < 50% before PCI Maintenance dose ASA 160 mg Clopidogrel 75 mg 1° endpoint: MACE (CV death, MI, revascularization) at 30 days 2° endpoints: TIMI major and minor bleeding at 30 days

BASELINE CHARACTERITICS Baseline characteristics n, (%) Control (n=84) VASP-guided (n=78) p Sex, female/male17/6719/590.5 Age, yrs (mean ±SD)66.6 ± ± BMI, kg/m 2 ( mean ±SD)27.2 ± ± Previous myocardial infarction20 (24)22 (28)0.5 Cardiovascular risk factors Current smoker35 (42)27 (35)0.4 Dyslipidemia45 (54)41 (53)0.9 Diabetes mellitus36 (43)31 (40)0.7 Hypertension51 (61)47 (60)1 PCI indication Silent ischemia18 (21)14 (18)0.6 Stable angina27 (32)27 (35)0.7 ACS40 (48)35 (45)0.7

Procedural data (mean +/-SD)ControlVASP-guidedp LVEF, % 59.4 ± ± Number of diseased vessels 2.1 ± ± Number of treated vessels 1.4 ± ± Number of stents per patient 2 ± 12.2 ± Number of DES per patient 0.96 ± ± Stent length per patient, mm 29 ± 1533 ± GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors, n (%)17 (20)13 (17)0.6 PROCEDURAL CHARACTERISTICS

PLATELET MONITORING Mean ±SDControlVASP-guidedp VASP after first LD, %68 ±1169 ±100.4 VASP after adjustment, %  38 ±14**< Each additionnal bolus of 600 mg of clopidogrel decreased the number of patients with low response from 35 to 49%. -Despite 2400 mg of clopidogrel 11 (14%) patients remained low- responders.

PRIMARY-END POINT : EFFICACY MACE; n (%) Control (n=84) VASP-guided (n=78) Cardiovascular death2 (2)0 Acute and Sub-acute stent thrombosis 4 (5)†0 Revascularization2 (2)0 Overall MACE 8 (10)*0 † p =0.059 * p =0.007 MACE: CV death, MI, revascularization Log rank p =0.007

BLEEDING Bleeding, n (%) Control (n=84) VASP-guided (n=78) TIMI Major11 TIMI Minor 3 (4) 2 (3) All, n (%) 4 (5) 3 (4) Using additionnal clopidogrel LD in patients with low-response and according to platelet monitoring was safe.

CONCLUSION Adjusted loading dose of clopidogrel according to platelet monitoring using VASP assay is: –Feasible, safe –Efficacious in reducing post-PCI MACE. Reaching a post-treatment platelet reactivity <50% using the VASP index seems optimal to prevent MACE in patients.