SYSTEM THE CARDIOVASCULAR

REFERENCES Tortora & Derrickson Lancraft et al Ellen G. White

CONTENTS  Composition of The Cardiovascular System  How does it Work – Outline  The Blood Origin Function Physical Characteristics Components

“Perfect health depends upon perfect circulation. The more active the circulation the more free from obstructions and impurities will be the blood. The blood nourishes the body. The health of the body depends upon the healthful circulation of the blood.” Healthful living p.178

COMPOSITION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

COMPOSITION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

COMPOSITION CLOSED SYSTEM OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

COMPOSITION Video 1. The Cardiovascular System An Outline of OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VIDEO

COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels

COMPOSITION  Five Main Types of Blood Vessels OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? Capillary Exchange ANIMATIONS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

HOW DOES IT WORK? Capillary Exchange Pick’em EXERCISES THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

THE BLOOD -ORIGIN -FUNCTION - PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS - PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD

ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD BONE MARROW

ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD The kidneys for synthesize the peptide hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which is an essential factor for the stimulation of RBC formation. EPO is produced in the renal tissue and released to the blood circulation to promote the maturation cycle of immature RBCs in the bone marrow. Without nucleus, RBC die quickly, about 120 days and need constant replacement.

Audio 1. Origin of Blood ORIGIN OF THE BLOOD Figure Origin, Development, and Structure of Blood Cells

FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS 1.Transportation 2.Regulation 3.Protection OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS  Transportation OF THE BLOOD Gases – O2 / CO2 Nutrients Hormones Heat

FUNCTIONS  Transportation OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS  Regulation OF THE BLOOD Homeostasis PH Temperature Water content of cells

FUNCTIONS  Regulation OF THE BLOOD

FUNCTIONS  Protection OF THE BLOOD Haemorrhage (through blood clotting) Diseases (actions undergone by the WBC)

FUNCTIONS  Protection OF THE BLOOD

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -Blood is denser and more viscous than water and feels slightly sticky. - Colour varies with its oxygen content. - Temperature = 38oC. OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS Video 2. Components of the Blood OF THE BLOOD VIDEO

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS RBC - Red Blood Cell WBC – White Blood Cell PLATELETS PLASMA OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS PLASMA OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS RBC - RED BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS RBC - RED BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD 280 million haemoglobin molecules!

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD 280 million haemoglobin molecules!

Components Video 3. Respiration and Ventilation OF THE BLOOD VIDEO Video 4. Oxygen Transportation

COMPONENTS WBC- WHITE BLOOD CELL OF THE BLOOD

RBC Platelets WBC COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS PLATELETS Thrombocytes Small, non-nucleated cell fragments (produced in red bone marrow) Involved in Blood Clotting! OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD

COMPONENTS Haemostasis (Blood clotting) OF THE BLOOD 1.Vasoconstriction - Platelets adhere to damaged wall, release serotonin (which makes platelets stickier and call more platelets to the clotting site), constricts vessel. 2.Platelet plug formation (Positive feedback) 3.Coagulation (Needs clotting factors) Process of clot formation 4.Fibrinolysis 4 stages

Vasoconstriction Platelet Plug formation Coagulation Fibrinolysis EXPOSURE OF COLLAGEN = Vascular Spasm (Vasoconstriction): & Thromboxane release (vasoconstrictor and platelet aggregation) Activated platelet discharge contents- include ADP, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), serotonin, calcium, vWF, Factor V, fibrinogen & Thromboxane. (+ve feedback) These secreted substances further promote formation of the platelet. (+ve Feedback) When platelets contact exposed collagen, the coagulation factors or clotting factors are activated and they respond in a complex Coagulation Cascade whereby inactive PRO-THROMBIN (FactorII) converts to active Thrombin (FactorIIa) which activates FIBRINOGEN eventually forming fibrin strands which strengthen the platelet plug.

CELL DEATH BLOOD

CELL DEATH Video 5. Haemoglobin Recycling VIDEO BLOOD

CELL DEATH BLOOD

REFERENCES SOURCE: WHITE.E. (1898). Healthful Living. Ellen G. White Writings – Comprehensive Research CD Room(2008 Ed.); Ellen White Estate. Tortora, J.; Bryan D. (2011). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol. 1 and 2; (14 th ed.) John Wiley and Sons. Animations: Cardiovascular system – available online (on purchase) CNM – College of Naturopathic Medicine - lectures notes VIDEO 1 - THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM VIDEO 2 - THE COMPONENTS OF BLOOD Audio 1. Origin of Blood (Ch. 19/Figure 19.3 audio file) – available online (free) mulations/hear/blood.html VIDEO 3 – RESPIRATION and VENTILATION

REFERENCES SOURCE: VIDEO 4 – OXIGEN TRANSPORTATION VIDEO 5 – HAEMOGLOBIN RECYCLING

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