Descriptive Mineralogy

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Presentation transcript:

Descriptive Mineralogy Sulfides

Classification of the Minerals Non-Silicates Native Elements Halides Sulfides Oxides Hydroxides Carbonates Sulfates Phosphates Silicates Orthosilicates Sorosilicates Cyclosilicates Chain Silicates Layer Silicates Tektosilicates

Most Sulfides are Hydrothermal

Sulfides

Fe Sulfides Fe: Pyrite FeS2 Marcasite FeS2 Pyrrhotite Fe1-xS Troilite FeS Arsenopyrite FeAsS

Fe-S Diagram

Pyrite FeS2 Crystal System Cubic Point Group 2/m-3 Space Group Pa-3 Optical opaque Color BrassYellow Luster Metallic Hardness 6-6.5 Density 5.02g/cm3

Pyrite FeS2 Occurrence: High temperature hydrothermal Most common sulfide mineral Source of S in coal

Marcasite (FeS2) Crystal System Orth. Point Group 2/m2/m2/m Space Group Pmnn Optical opaque Color PaleYellow Luster Metallic Hardness 6-6.5 Density 4.9 g/cm3

Marcasite (FeS2) Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal reduction of iron sulfate. Secondary sulfide mineral in sedimentary rocks

Pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) Occurrence: Accessory in mafic igneous rocks High T Hydrothermal May contain minor Cu, Ni, Pt

Arsenopyrite FeAsS Crystal System Monoclinic Point Group 2/m Space Group P21 Optical opaque Color gray Luster Metallic Hardness 5.5-6 Density 6.1 g/cm3

Cu Sulfides Cu Sulfides Cu-Fe Sulfides Chalcocite Cu2S Covellite CuS Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Bornite Cu5FeS4

Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Crystal System Tetragonal Point Group -42m Space Group I-42d Optical opaque Color BrassYellow Luster Metallic Hardness 3.5-4 Density 4.2 g/cm3 Structure: ordered derivative of sphalerite.

Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: Major ore of Cu

Bornite Cu5FeS4 Crystal System Tetragonal Point Group -42m Space Group I-42d Optical opaque Color Blue Irridesc. Luster Metallic Hardness 3 Density 5.1 g/cm3

Chalcocite Cu2S Crystal System Monocl LoT Hexagonal HiT Point Group 2/m- 6/mmm Space Group P21/c-P63/mmc Optical opaque Color Lead Gray Luster Metallic Hardness 2.5-3 Density 5.6 g/cm3

Covellite CuS Crystal System Hexagonal Point Group 6/m2/m2/m Space Group P63/mmc Optical opaque Color Indigo Blue Luster Metallic Hardness 1.5-2 Density 4.7 g/cm3

Other Sulfides Argentite (Acanthite) Ag2S Sphalerite ZnS Molybdenite MoS2 Galena PbS Realgar AsS and Orpiment As2S3 Stibnite Sb2S3 Cinnabar HgS

Acanthite (Argentite) Ag2S Crystal System Monocl LoT Hexagonal HiT Point Group 2/m- 6/mmm Space Group P21/c-P63/mmc Optical opaque Color Lead Gray Luster Metallic Hardness 2.5-3 Density 5.6 g/cm3 Occurrence: Low Temp Hydrothermal Uses: Major ore of Ag

Sphalerite ZnS Occurrence: Low Temperature hydrothermal. Uses: Principal ore of Zn; major ore of Cd

Sphalerite ZnS Crystal System Cubic (diamond) Point Group -43m Space Group F-43m Optical Iso n=2.37 Color Yellow, Red, Brown, Black Luster Adamantine Hardness 3.5 Density 4.0

Sulfides

Molybdenite MoS2 Occurrence: Accessory in granites and pegmatites. Uses: Principal ore of Mo; major ore of Re

Molybdenite MoS2 Crystal System Hexagonal Point Group 6/mmm Space Group P63/mmc Optical opaque Color Blue-Gray Luster Metallic Hardness 1 Density 4.7

Galena PbS Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: Principal ore of Pb; major ore of Ag

Galena PbS Crystal System Cubic Point Group Space Group Optical Color Yellow, Brown, Black Luster Adamantine Hardness Density

Quartz-Chalcopyrite-Sphalerite-Galena

Realgar AsS Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: minor ore of As

Realgar AsS Crystal System Monoclinic Point Group 2/m Space Group P21/n Color Red Luster Resinous Hardness 2 Density 3.5

Orpiment As2S3 Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: minor ore of As

Orpiment As2S3 Crystal System Monoclinic Point Group 2/m Space Group P21/n Color Yellow Luster Resinous Hardness 2 Density 3.5

Stibnite Sb2S3 Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: Principal ore of Sb

Stibnite Sb2S3 Crystal System Orthorhombic Point Group 2/m2/m2/m Space Group Pbnm Optical Opague Color Silver Gray Luster Metallic Hardness 2 Density 4.6

Cinnabar HgS

Cinnabar HgS Crystal System Cubic (HT) Point Group -43m Space Group F-43m Optical Color Dark Red Luster Adamantine Hardness 2.5 Density 8.10 Occurrence: Low temperature hydrothermal. Uses: Principal ore of Hg

Sulfides

Acid Mine Drainage

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